The wave of industrialization since 1960s caused the influx of the rural population into the metropolis, and the industrial structure and mode of living underwent a sudden change, giving rise of urbanization. The growth of cities caused much problem, ...
The wave of industrialization since 1960s caused the influx of the rural population into the metropolis, and the industrial structure and mode of living underwent a sudden change, giving rise of urbanization. The growth of cities caused much problem, giving salience to the systematic defect of the existing urban planning. Despite continuous demands for systematic modification in the dimension of urban planning, it has proved difficult to reflect the distinctive qualities (in the dimension of urban planning). There has been limitations in actively building a city at this point, and the urban design has been introduced to improve on this matter. With the complementary measure, the design is now modified into the district unit plan, but the prospect is that a better complemented system and name are soon to take place in the future. This is because the district unit plan is a not a system preferred by the "haves" or landholders, but rather there has been much assertion that it is an unreasonable system.
Most of the times, plans begin with anticipation or opinions of only a few rather than an active interest from most of the residents through public announcements, public hearings and presentation meetings for residents in the process of establishing a district unit plan, a public project. The present condition is that an actual resident participation, such as a direct landholders' request of what is necessary and resident participation from the planning process, is considerably insufficient. In this study, I attempt to grasp attributes and limitations of joint developments for the purpose of diversifying involvement and revitalization of landholders in the future.
A joint development undergoes construction with 2 or more lots and parcels as a start. And in this case, the problem of effectiveness is called into doubt- whether incentives are granted and the joint development is being carried out according to the guidelines when construction permission is given. For the actual analysis of a joint development, the effectiveness of joint developments have been examined through the rate approved by old urban planning committee's consideration for modification and civil proposals in regards to joint developments. Furthermore, I examined problematic points of the special planning districts and measures for improvement. For a realistic and logical operation of the district unit plan, I propose a measure that would lead to a harmonious joint development project.
First, the plan must have the possibility of realization by basing on opinions of landholders or participation of residents and division of public roles. And rather than consolidation or cancellation of implicit large-scale developments, a scheme is likely to be realized when characteristics of a region and appropriate plan are specialized, even if it is for a small-scale development.
Second, the means to promote a joint development should be induction-oriented rather than regulation-oriented. And an active promotion of the plan would become possible not when merely centering on the roles of experts and administrators, but when landholders' will to participate and profits of the development are determined to some extent.
Third, when a joint development within a district unit plan zone is designated, a fixed scale or autonomous or selective joint development should be incited, instead of indiscriminately deciding on the largest possible scale of development. For scales above fixation, a system that approves a joint development through related procedures in case detailed development plan is to be established by each scale as a special plan district. In this case, the scheme may be regarded as another regulation, but it has the potential to become extremely effective in an aspect of leading a smooth joint development, and active participations of landholders are anticipated as well.
Fourth, reasons that developments of regions designated by the district unit plan are not being realized than undesignated regions are because of the decline of landholders' will(for development) due to excessive regulations, and its economic effect after the development is judged to be insignificant. Therefore, a more flexible and bold operational plan of incentives should be proposed.
Fifth, at the time of designation(of a joint development) the maximum development of a small-scale joint development or an autonomous and selective joint development should be induced.
For medium-scale or above joint developments, lands that can contribute to the public in the maximum development scale such as Pocket Park, vacant land opened to the public and public space may be secured. And this is effective in providing pleasantness to the city. So, medium-scale joint developments should secure 25% or more of the entire lots to bring out the effect of the development. Therefore, an active administrative inducement is necessary.
Sixth, in the case of Gwanak-gu, large-scale lots of Nambu Highway should be brought into the special plan district, and determine the development plan in detail by lot in order to arrange an appropriate and flexible plan of floor space index incentive. Infrastructure should be formed preferentially so that it is carried out in the public, and provide support to bring about preferences of civil developments.
Seventh, in cases of lands near Bongcheon Station, 11 blocks-70,446㎡ should be vitalized as a special plan district and improve on the systematic and legal support since the development cannot take place without the consent and cooperation of landholders.
Eighth, among 11 blocks of special plan districts 2 blocks should change its use and readjust it as a landmark position. In case there is no consideration of residents at the time of the establishment, there should be a consultation with the authority with decisive power and come up with a plan with more incentives such as a rental house, rental one room and rental resident for singles. Moreover, intendance should install a Task Force team to provide one-stop administrative support and operate a total-service system.
Ninth, 45.8% of civil proposals changed the plan of independent development to a joint development. And cases in which lands were combined for joint developments reached 86.44%. When classifying this in civil types, most of landholders preferred joint developments than independent developments, and they chose the means to heighten investment value through joint developments.
When observing that less than 660㎡ of joint developments reached 74.57%(of the entire joint developments), small and medium-scale buildings that fit regional conditions is preferred than large-scale buildings. This means that the people prefer less than medium-scale buildings for joint developments. Furthermore, in the center of the district (of the district unit plan), operational guidelines for 660㎡ or above medium-scale joint developments should be applied more broadly and endow more benefits.
Accordingly, the plan of a joint development should consider characteristics of the region concerned and planned after going through sufficient consultations with landholders in advance. And within the normal development scale of the region and maximum development scale, a systematic improvement on establishment guidelines are required in order to realize a free joint development.
The present district unit plan, which is established and operates by the incentive-oriented operation for floor space index that is intended to incite joint developments, has limitations in providing the system that allows an involvement from the operational phase and systematizing mutual trade of lots through estimation of its economic factors. Therefore, while making the necessary regulations that would lead to scale-down(small-scale) of the existing urban districts and the problem of lots of an indeterminate form, a standard plan of tax relief should be provided. Furthermore, through an improvement of the system established for the purpose of maximizing economic profit of floor space index, residents' basic wants should be sufficed. And for a well-balanced development of urban environment, understanding and improvement are necessary through a systematic relationship of the public and people,
While the district unit plan reflects special attributes of a region and takes in the opinions of the residents. it includes difficult aspects in urban planning and construction planning as a necessary management method for the systematic and schematic development for the increase of efficiency of land use. And it is developing the systematic foundation that would lead to the accomplishment of the goals of city and construction planning.
Accordingly, through continuous research, a measure to elevate the feasibility of the joint development undertaking and vitalize the district unit plan is needed. Through this study, I attempted to make an empirical analysis on the attributes for effectiveness of joint developments and special plan zone of the district unit plan through realistic, applicable examples. However, to realize a smooth joint development with the optimum scale, there appeared to be limitations for the joint development scale by the district, lot, location and condition, and an analysis for an effective undertaking. There was the need to analyze these in parts, but in this study, an empirical analysis on the issues of joint developments and special plan zone, which were found to be important in the district unit plan, have been made. Therefore, an additional, in-depth analysis of the applied relationship of the optimum scale for joint developments which is to create a realistic systematic support is needed in the future.