능성어(Epinephelus septemfasciatus) 치어의 생존율과 혈액학적 특성 변화에 미치는 암모니아 노출의 영향 = Effects of Ammonia Exposure on Survival Rate and Hematological Characteristics Changes in Juveniles of Sevenband Grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 능성어 (Epinephelus septemfasciatus)를 해수 순환여과양식시스템 (RAS)에 적용하는데 문제가 되는 암모니아의 농도 기준을 제시하기 위하여 96시간 동안 암모니아 노출에 따른 생존율 및 혈액학적 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 생존율 실험구의 암모니아 농도는 대조구, 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8 mg/L였으며, 96-h LC₅₀ 농도는 0.6 mg/L로 나타났다. 능성어 치어의 암모니아 96-h LC₅₀ 농도인 0.6 mg/L에서 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96시간 간격으로 12마리씩 혈액 샘플링을 하였다. 실험구의 암모니아 노출 시간이 경과할수록 혈장 코티졸, 글루코스, GOT 및 GPT 농도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 혈장 암모니아와 총 단백질은 암모니아 노출 12시간째까지는 증가하였고 이후로는 감소하였지만, 대조구와 비교하여 유의하게 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 혈장 전해질이온 (Na⁺, Cl^-)과 삼투압은 감소하는 경향이 관찰되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated that changes of survival rate and hematological factors in sevenband grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus), exposed to ammonia. First, the fish was exposed and was observed survival rate. We observed the survival rate of the fish when exposed at each ammonia concentrations (0, 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8 mg/L, NH₃) for 96 hours. The 96-h LC₅₀ (lethal ambient concentration for 50% of the population) of NH₄⁺ and un-ionized ammonia (NH₃) for sevenband grouper were 26.7 and 0.6 mg/L, respectively. Secondly, we exposed the fish to 96-h LC₅₀ ammonia concentration (0.6 mg/L) for 96 hours, then sampled the blood of groupers for analysis of cortisol, glucose, NH₃, GOT, GPT, total protein (TP), electrolytes (Na⁺, Cl_-) and osmolality in plasma. The plasma cortisol, glucose, GOT and GPT were increased with increasing of elapsed time and ammonia concentration. In addition, the NH₃ and total protein in plasma were significantly increased to 12 hours exposed to ammonia, and then decreased. But, the values were significantly higher than the control. The plasma electrolytes (Na⁺, Cl^-) and osmolality were decreased with increasing of elasped time. The results in the present study suggest that the continuous exposure of ammonia to juveniles of sevenband grouper may be a stressor and negative influence.

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