The Node Gain Scores (NGSs), used as a basis for shaping the max-heap overlay, are arbitrarily determined by the respective bandwidth-latency-products. Constructing a max-heap-form overlay tree governed by the magnitudes of individual Node Gain Scores...
The Node Gain Scores (NGSs), used as a basis for shaping the max-heap overlay, are arbitrarily determined by the respective bandwidth-latency-products. Constructing a max-heap-form overlay tree governed by the magnitudes of individual Node Gain Scores (NGSs), each earned as a synergy of the discrepancy ratio of the bandwidth requested with respect to the estimated available bandwidth, and the latency discrepancy ratio between the nodes and the source node, plays a great role in reducing a vital induced packet loss caused by, otherwise, the schemes which do not consider these parameters on placing the nodes on the overlay trees.
It is, here in this work, proposed that each node to be positioned according to the NGS it earns from a function governed by the four main influencing parameters - the estimated available bandwidth, Ba; the individual node's requested bandwidth, Br; the proposed node latency to its prospective parent, Lp; and the suggested best latency as advised by the source node, Lb. The NGS of each node is pre-calculated as an integrated measure from a fraction of the bandwidth discrepancy ratio (BDR) and that of the latency discrepancy ratio (LDR) with the weights of α and β=(C-α), respectively, and with arbitrary chosen α ranging between 0 and C, that is 0 ≤ α ≤ C, and β = C - to α make sure that the NGS values, used as node IDs, maintain a good possibility of uniqueness and a good balance between the BDR and the LDR - whichever is the most critical factor and vice versa.
The constant C is, hence, chosen depending on the expected unique Node_IDs desired. A max-heap-form tree is constructed with an assumption that all the nodes possess, as it must practically be, NGS less than the source node. To maintain a sense of load balance, the children of each level's siblings are evenly distributed such that a node can not accept a second child, and so on, until all its siblings able to do so, have already acquired the same number of children, and that is so logically done from left to right in a conceptual overlay tree.
The records of the pair-wise approximate available bandwidths as measured by a pathChirp scheme at individual nodes are maintained and the evaluation measures as compared to other schemes like BASE, TBCP, and HMTP have been conducted.
The failure of the constant, variable, and instantaneous bit rates (CBR, VBR, IBR) approaches under the paradigm of the traditional TCP/UDP mechanism have discouraged to be used due to the verified dynamicity of such mechanisms. When a moderate sized overlay multicasting group is under worst case consideration, this new scheme seems to generally perform better in terms of trade-off between packet delivery ratio which means a reduced packet loss; the maximum link stress; the acceptable control overhead; and the reasonable end-to-end delays.