인조초~丙子胡亂 시기 조선의 전술 전개 = Joseon's military tactics from the early years of King Injo thru the 2nd Manchu Invasion of 1636

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This treatise evaluates changes in Joseon Dynasty military tactics that occurred in the earlier part of the 17th century. The Korean army dispatched to aid the Ming forces at Shenhe (at the Battle of Sarhu) did not respond well to the onrush of Manchu cavalry and was utterly defeated. The defeat was mostly due to the nature of the Korean force, composed mostly of harquebusiers (砲手), not aided by sufficient numbers of archers(射手) and spearmen/swordsmen(殺手) to keep the enemy cavalry at bay and buy time for the harquebusiers after their initial volley.
After the coup d'etat that brought King Injo to power, the adoption of an anti-Manchu policy necessitated consideration of measures to counter enemy cavalry, as conflict with the Later Jin (Qing) loomed. Such measures included manufacturing armed carts (chariots) and expanding Joseon's own cavalry forces. As the importance of cavalry in an open-field battle was highlighted during the Yi Gwal Rebellion, measures to strengthen cavalry forces along with tactics combining cavalry and infantry in battle became especially important. Also emphasized were tactics for pitched battles in narrow terrain.
After witnessing the capabilities of the Manchu cavalry during the First Manchu Invasion of 1627 (丁卯胡亂), Joseon policy-makers sought to strengthen various arms of the dynasty's armed forces including the cavalry, spearmen, harquebusiers, and archers: as well as seeking ways to use them in combined operations. The resulting tactics were utilized in major battles during the Second Manchu Invasion of 1636 (丙子胡亂), which revealed clearly both strengths and weaknesses of Joseon's battlefield tactics. The 1636 war thus became a turning point leading to significant changes in Joseon's military organization. The rapid change in favor of harquebusiers and cavalry after 1636 is a direct result of the experiences during that war.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 머리말
• 2. 광해군 말~인조 초 전술 논의
• 3. 정묘호란 이후 조건군의 전술 변화
• 4. 병자호란 시기 조선의 전술
• 5. 맺음말
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

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