대구지하철 참사 경험 소방관의 외상 후 스트레스 = Posttraumatic Stress in Firefighters - Daegu Subway Fire Disaster

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The firefighters in Daegu city had participated the subway fire disaster that took 340 casualities at 2003, are still experiencing posttraumatic stress. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjective types and structures of the posttraumatic stress in firefighters who experienced the Daegu subway fire disaster, to develop the Q-block as a assessment tool for types and to identity how types are actually existed in the firefighters. This study used Q-methodology that has been conducted by selecting the 44 statements as a Q sample finally. The analysis identified 3 types of posttraumatic stress :Emotional arousal trauma, Physiological symptom experience, trauma experience persistence.:(1)Emotional arousal trauma have a more mild symptom because they'd endeavored to decrease their stress by an active approach. But increased arousal reactions have been experienced continuously. (2)Physiological symptom experience have a physiological symptom brought by anxiety and strain from not managing the stress.
(3)Trauma experience persistence have a trauma experience persistence state that they keep reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms, This type of firefighter have experienced the most severe posttraumatic stress symptom. Q-block is developed as a assessment tool for large size sample. Q-block contains Q1, Q2, Q3 questionnaire. The Q1-block contains My feeling with regard to the disaster is insensitivity. It seems that my feeling with regard to the disaster is insensitivity as time goes on. The stress has disappeared a little bit when I talked about the disaster. The Q2-block contains I have suffered from the muscular pain or migraine and always been tired after the disaster. It seems that the power of memory and concentration impaired gradually after the disaster. I have frequently suffered from bronchial symptoms and a cold sweat. The Q3-block contains I have tried to avoiding the situation and event that remind me of the disaster. I have been painful when the memory related to the disaster came across my mind suddenly without intent. I have avoided to tell about the disaster because family and friends should be worried about my job, a firefighter. 3 types were distributed into Emotional arousal trauma(52.4%), Trauma experience persistence(34.1%) and Physiological symptom experience(13.5%). Base on the result of this research, this study is showed that firefighters had experienced not only a reexperience of the accident, avoidance and increased hyperarousal symptoms by the diagnosis criteria of American Psychological Association, but also partial posttraumatic stress symptoms of various levels. The need for an institutional system is proposed to decrease posttraumatic stress and to cope with it appropriately through pattern analysis Also this study can help supply crucial data for the development of intervention program for whom suffer posttraumatic stress by firefighters through understanding subjectivity of posttraumatic stress.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "최신정신의학" 일조각 1999

2 "재난과 정신건강" 대한 불안장애학회

3 "응급구조사의 스트레스와 대처방법과의 관계연구" 2002

4 "소방행정자료 및 통계" 행정자치부 소방행정과

5 "소방대원의 출동충격스트레스에 관한 구조모형" 2000

6 "소방대원의 외상성 스트레스에 관한 연구" 2002

7 "소방대원의 스트레스 정신건강에 관한 연구" 113-125,

8 "소방관 직무에 관련된 질환과 건강관리" 27-34,

9 "소방공무원 안전사고 원인분석 및 대책 : 스트레스성 질병 및 사고 중심" 중앙소방학교 우수과제선집 3-123, 1998

10 "coping with PTSD and recomanded lifestyle changes for PTSD patients A national center for PTSD fact shet"

11 "Voting behavier in schol referenda An investigation of atitutes and other determinants by Q technique and survey research" Kent State University 1971

12 "Twenty-four-hour ambulatory assesment of heart rate and chronic PTSD and non-PTSD veterans" 17 (17): 163-171, 2004

13 "Traumatic stres & organizational strain in the fire service. Job stress interventions" Washington. DC :APA Pres 185-198, 1995

14 "The study of behavior; Q-technique and its methodology" 1953

15 "The stres upon rescuers involved in an oil rig diaster" 1989

16 "The psychological impact of disaster on rescue personel" 664-668, 1985

17 "The isue of psychological scars and the occurence of PTSD symptoms" 107-109,

18 "The Q block method of indexing Q typologies" 1963

19 "Q방법론의 이해와 활용" 공주대학교 건강산업연구소 2003

20 "Primary care treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder" 1035-1046,

21 "Postraumatic stress in volunter firefighters Predictors of distres The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease" 267-271,

22 "Merger of Questionare and Q- sort techniques" North Carolina University 1976

23 "Longitudinal course and predictors of continuing distres folowing critical incident exposure in emergency services personnel" 187 (187): 15-2, 1999

24 "Journal of Emergency Medical Services" 52-54, 1984

25 "Ideology in africa" 1975

26 "Firefighter fetality retrospective study" 23-, 2002

27 "Diagnostic 126 주관성 연구 제14호 2007년 6월and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders"