영재성의 뇌신경해부학적 기저와 그 기능 = The Neuro-Anatomical and Functional Characteristics of Giftedness

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 영재성의 뇌신경해부학적 기저와 그 기능이 무엇인지 선행 연구 결과를 분석하여 확인하는 데에 목적이 있다. 영재가 지적 능력이 뛰어난 것은 정보처리의 질을 결정하는 회백질과 정보처리 속도와 신경 간 교류를 결정하는 백질이 많고, 유동적 추리를 포함한 일반 지능, 집중력, 메타인지, 작업기억를 결정하는 전전두엽 기능이 우수하기 때문이다. 좌우 뇌, 특히 전두엽과 두정엽 간의 네트워크, 신경망내 또는 신경망간의 신경교류가 뛰어나고 신경효율성이 우수하다. 창의성이 높은 것은 전전두엽의 메타 인지, 작업 기억이 우수하고 신경망 간의 교류가 활발하고, 뇌의 가소성이 높은 것과 관련이 있다. 과제동기가 높은 것은 전전두엽이 보상과 관련이 있는 기저핵, 지적 호기심과 관련이 있는 전대상피질과의 강한 연결 때문인 것으로 추측된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The study is aimed at identifying the neuro-anatomical and functional characteristics of the gifted brain. In order to accomplish this goal, a significant amount of literature related to this question were analysed. The results are as follows:
First, high intelligence is related positively with the size of the brain (average r=.3~.5).
Second, the neuro-structure base of high intelligence is gray matter, white matter, neural connections among brain networks, and neural plasticity.
Third, the neuro-anatomical base of high intelligence is work memory and neural efficiency.
Fourth, the neuro-anatomical base of high intelligence of giftedness is the frontal cortex, especially the bilateral prefrontal cortex, which is the center of meta-cognition and plays an important role in the selective attention and inhibition process. A gifted individual s high-quality cognition happens because of a combination of these factors.
Fifth, the neuro-anatomical base of high creativity is the functional combinations among the pre-frontal cortex, high neural connection, working memory, and fluid reasoning.
Sixth, the neuro-anatomical base of high task motivation is the combinations of frontal cortex with anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and pre-limbic system.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 뇌 영상 기술
• Ⅲ. 영재의 뇌 해부학적 특징
• Ⅳ. 영재 뇌의 기능적 특징
• Ⅴ. 영재성의 구조적 기능적 기저
• Ⅵ. 논의, 결론, 제언
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이정모, "인지심리학" 학지사 2016

2 김유미, "영재와 일반아의 뇌 기능 비교" 한국교육심리학회 25 (25): 111-130, 2011

3 김유미, "영재에 대한 뇌과학적 논의" 한국아동교육학회 17 (17): 69-78, 2008

4 "두산백과, 화학대사전: 네이버 지식 백과"

5 김경화, "뇌파검사를 활용한 과학영재의 판별 및 이에 기반한 선발 체계의 구안" 이화여자대학교 대학원 2005

6 조선희, "뇌기능영상 측정법을 이용한 영재성평가의 타당성 연구" 15 : 2-, 2005

7 민병경, "뇌-컴퓨터 접속장치 기술의 현재와 미래"

8 송인섭, "그 10년, 그 영재교육, 그리고 새로운 지평" 한국영재교육학회 13 (13): 1-18, 2014

9 조선희, "과학영재와 일반학생의 뇌 활용 성향, 인지적 특성, 정서적 특성 분석" 한국생물교육학회 39 (39): 345-354, 2011

10 "Wikipedia"

11 Jung, R. E, "The parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) of intelligence: Converging Neuroimaging evidence" 30 : 135-187, 2007

12 Goldberg, E., "The new executive brain: Frontal lobes in a complex world" Oxford University Press 2009

13 Kalbfleisch, M. L., "The functional anatomy of talent" 277 (277): 21-36, 2004

14 Goldberg, E., "The executive brain: Frontal lobes and the civilized mind" Oxford University Press 2001

15 Black, I., "The cognitive neurosciences" MIT Press 1997

16 Tetreault, N., "The Gifted Brain" Gifted Research and Outreach, Inc 2016

17 Haier, R. J., "Structural brain variation and general intelligence" 23 : 425-433, 2004

18 Liu, T., "Response preparation and cognitive control of highly intelligent children : A Go-Nogo event-related potential study" 180 (180): 122-128, 2011

19 Narr KL, "Relationships between IQ and regional cortical gray matter thickness in healthy adults" 2006

20 Sakai, K., "Prefrontal set activity predicts rule-specific neural processing during subsequent cognitive performance" 26 (26): 1211-1218, 2006

21 Zhang, L., "Optimized gamma synchronization enhances functional binding of fronto-parietal cortices in mathematically gifted adolescents during deductive reasoning" 8 : 430-, 2014

22 Yu, C., "Occult white matter damage contributes to intellectual disability in tuberous sclerosis complex" 37 : 174-180, 2009

23 Li Zhang, "Neurocognitive mechanisms of mathematical giftedness: A literature review" Informa UK Limited 6 (6): 79-94, 2016

24 Luders, E., "Neuroanatomical correlates of intelligence" 37 : 156-163, 2009

25 Fincham, J. M., "Neural mechanisms of planning: a computational analysis using event-related fMRI" 99 : 3346-3351, 2002

26 Gray, J. R., "Neural mechanisms of general fluid intelligence" 6 (6): 316-322, 2003

27 Lee, K. H., "Neural correlates of superior intelligence: Stronger recruitment of posterior parietal cortex" 29 : 578-586, 2006

28 Samco, M. R., "Neural correlates of human creativity revealed using diffusion tensor imaging" 5 (5): 906-, 2005

29 Rypma, B., "Neural correlates of cognitive efficiency" 33 (33): 969-979, 2006

30 Habib, R., "Memory encoding and hippocampally-based novelty/familiarity discrimination networks" 41 : 271-279, 2003

31 O'Boyle, M. W., "Mathematically gifted male adolescents activate a unique brain network during mental rotation" 25 (25): 583-587, 2005

32 Desco, M., "Mathematically gifted adolescents use more extensive and more bilateral areas of the fronto-parietal network than controls during executive functioning and fluid reasoning tasks" 57 : 281-292, 2011

33 Zhang, L., "Mathematically gifted adolescents mobilize enhanced workspace configuration of theta cortical network during deductive reasoning" 289 : 334-348, 2015

34 Frangou, S., "Mapping IQ and gray matter density in healthy young people" 23 : 800-805, 2004

35 Kalbfleisch, M. L., "Left Brain vs. Right Beain: Findings on Visual Spatial Capacities and the Functional Neurology of Giftedness" 4 : 265-275, 2013

36 Conway, A. R. A., "Latent variable analysis of working memory capacity, short term memory capacity, processing speed and general fluid intelligence" 30 : 163-183, 2002

37 Bruguier, A., "Investigating signal integration with canonical correlation analysis of fMRI brain activation data" 41 : 35-44, 2008

38 Geake, J. G., "International Handbook on Giftedness" 2009

39 Kalbfleisch, M. L., "International Handbook on Giftedness" 2009

40 Singh, H., "Interhemispheric interaction during global-local processing in mathematically gifted adolescents, average-ability youth, and college students" 18 (18): 671-677, 2004

41 Shaw, P., "Intelligence and the developing human brain" 29 : 962-973, 2007

42 Witelson, S. F., "Intelligence and brain size in 100 postmortem brains : sex, lateralization and age factors" 129 : 386-398, 2005

43 Shaw, P., "Intellectual ability and cortical development in children and adolescents" 440 (440): 676-679, 2006

44 Jung, R. E., "Imaging intelligence with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy" 37 : 192-198, 2009

45 Zhang, L., "ICONIP 2013, Part I, LNCS 8226" 25-32, 2013

46 Colom, R., "Human intelligence and brain networks" 12 (12): 489-501, 2010

47 Sousa, D. A., "How the gifted brain learns" A Sage Company 2009

48 Haier, R. J., "Gray matter and intelligence factors: Is there a neuro-g?" 37 : 136-147, 2009

49 Fingelkurts, An. A., "Gifted brain and twinning : Intergrative review of recent literature" 20 : 1-32, 2003

50 Toga A. W, "Genetics of brain structure and intelligence" 28 : 1-23, 2005

51 Neubauer, A. C., "Fluid intelligence and neural efficiency: effects of task complexity and sex" 35 : 811-827, 2003

52 Waiter, G. D., "Exploring possible neural mechanisms of intelligence differences using processing speed and working memory tasks: An fMRI study" 37 : 199-206, 2009

53 Prescott, J., "Enhanced brain connectivity in math-gifted adolescents : An fMRI study using mental rotation" 1 (1): 277-288, 2010

54 Jausovec N, "Differences in event-related and induced brain oscillations in the theta and alpha frequency bands related to human intelligence" 293 : 191-194, 2000

55 Jin, S. H., "Differences in EEG between gifted and average students : Neural complexity and functional cluster analysis" 117 : 1167-1184, 2007

56 Alexander, J. E., "Developmentally advanced EEG alpha power in gifted male and female adolescents" 23 : 25-31, 1996

57 Johnson, S. C., "December). The cerebral response during subjective choice with and without self-reference" 17 : 1897-1906, 2005

58 김영아, "Dabrowski의 과흥분성에 대한 국내외 연구동향과 방향" 한국영재교육학회 9 (9): 79-116, 2010

59 Duncan, J., "Common regions of the human frontal lobe recruited by diverse cognitive demands" 23 : 475-483, 2000

60 Bischoll-Grethe, A., "Cerebellar involvement in response reassignment rather than attention" 22 : 546-553, 2002

61 Todd. J. J., "Capacity limit of visual short-term memory in human posterior parietal cortex" 428 : 751-754, 2004

62 Kosslyn, S. M., "Bridging psychology and biology: the analysis of individuals in groups" 57 : 341-351, 2002

63 McDaniel M. A, "Big-Brained people are smarter : a meta-analysis of the relationship between in vivo brain volume and intelligence" 33 : 337-346, 2005

64 Livine, N. L., "Assessing academic and creative abilities in mathematics at four levels of understanding" 30 (30): 227-242, 1999

65 Nielsen, J. A., "An evaluation of the left-brain vs. right-brain vs. right-brain hypothesis with resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging" 8 (8): 2013

66 Bassett, D. S., "Adaptive reconfiguration of fractal small-world human brain functional networks" 103 (103): 2006

67 Geake, J. G., "A neuro-psychological model of the creative intelligence of gifted children" 20 (20): 4-16, 2005

68 Duncan J, "A neural basis for intelligence" 289 : 457-460, 2000

69 Duncan, J., "A neural basis for general intelligence" 289 : 457-460, 2000