하아디와 로렌스 문학에 나타난 자연주의적 성향 = Naturalistic Inclination in the Literature of Thomas Hardy and D.H. Lawrence

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It can be soundly said that two different elements of idiosyncratic view of the Nature, those of romanticism and naturalism, are characterizing Thomas Hardy and D. H. Lawrence The former element came from time-hornored tradition beginning with the primitive society and lies roughly in common with Christianity in terms of spiritual force immanent in the Nature The latter element was formed together with the modern scientific view of the universe, Darwinism in particular, which tends to look on human life in the light of natural law
Hardy's literary world is, however, only limitedly naturalistic since it lacks strict application of scientific analysis and dispassionate reasoning while including pathetic and myterious features Hardy so often falls into sentimental imagination when he introduces the natural law of the survival of the fittest or the genetic inheritance Lawrence's literary world is situated at the intersection of the two ways naturalist-materialist reading of the universe expounded by Darwinism and the transcendentalist-vitalist reading of the romantic Nature tradition
Comprehensively speaking, such points of comparison as following can be mentioned Firstly, the nature in Hardy's world looms as formidable and antagonistic to human purposes while Lawrence's nature is viewed as the sources of bountiful vitality and inspiration Secondly, enthusiastic lovers in Hardy's literature suffer from final frustration even in the heart of natural habitation, while Lawrence's loving characters meet more successful outcomes with the helping influence from the nature Thirdly, Hardy's literary characters in general undergo the climax of insignificance of life at the moment of their death, while most of the characters in Lawrence's literature go through the magnificence and reverence of life right on their deathbeds, with the former inclined to reductive meaning of life and the latter to expansive meaning of life.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Carpenter, Richard C., "Thomas Hardy" Boston: Twayne Publishers 1964

2 "The Rainbow" Harmondsworth: Penguin 1915

3 Anderson. Geoge K., "The Literature of England" Glenview, Illinois: Scott, Forseman and Com. 1967

4 Huxley, Aldous, "The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, II" London: Heinemann 1956

5 Edwards, Paul, "The Encyclopedia of Philosophy" New York: Macmillan & The Free Press 1972

6 Howe, Marguerite Beede, "The Art of the Self in D. H. Lawrence" Athens: Ohio UP 1985

7 McDonald, E. D., "Study of Thomas Hardy(Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence)" New York: Viking 1936

8 Furst, Lilian R., "Naturalism" Fakenham,Norfolk: Cox & Wyman 1971

9 Baugh, Albert C., "Literary History of England" London: Routledge & Kegan Paul 1967

10 Ebbatson, Roger, "Lawrence and the Nature Tradition; A Theme in English Fiction 1859-1914" Portsmouth: Harvester Press 1980

11 Langbaum, Robert, "Lawrence and Hardy(D. H. Lawrence and Tradition)" London: The Athlone Press 1985

12 Hardy, Thomas, "Jude the Obscure" Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin 1981

13 Fincham, Anthony, "Hardy, Death and the Psychosomatic" XXI : 58-91, 2005

14 Lawrence, D. H, "First Glimmerings of Mind(Fantasia of the Unconscious & Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious)" Harmondsworth: Penguin 1960

15 조일제, "D. H. 로렌스 문학의 '혈적 존재'와 물질 정신의 일원론적 비전" 한국로렌스학회 13 (13): 65-94, 2005

16 Eddins, Dwight, "Cultivating the Tree of Life: D. H. Lawrence's Naturalistic Modernism" 5 : 34-47, 1996

17 Alexander, Michael, "2005 Hardy Birthday Lecture" XXI : 170-183, 2005