진화론과 과정신학에 대한 개혁신학의 반응 = An Assessment of Charles Hodge and Reformed Theologians on Evolutionism & Process Theologians

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This is an article concerning an assessment of Charles Hodge and Reformed Theologians on Evolutionism and Process theologians. Charles Hodge says that “The Bible is to the theologian what nature is to the man of science. It is his store-house of facts; and his method of ascertaining what the Bible teaches, is the same as that which the natural philosopher adopts to ascertain what nature teaches. The duty of the Christian theologian is to ascertain, collect, and combine all the facts which God has revealed concerning himself and our relation to Him. The theologian to be guided by the same rules as the man of science. These facts are all in the Bible. This is true, because everything revealed in nature, and in the constitution of man concerning God and our relation to Him, is contained and authenticated in Scripture. The theologian must be guided by the same rules in the collection of facts, as govern the man of science. Science cannot make facts. In theology as in natural science, principles are derived from facts, and not impressed upon them.” According to Charles Hodge, First, Darwinism is the law of heredity, Second, Darwinism is the law of variation. Third, Darwinism is increase of plants and animals giving rise to a continuous and universal struggle for life. And fourth, Darwinism is the fittest survive in this struggle. This fourth principle is “natural Election,” By the operation of these principles in the course of “countless ages” all the many forms of life have come. It excludes God; it excludes intelligence from every thing. This is artificial Election. He cannot believe that all the plants and animals that have ever existed on the earth have been evolved from one “germ”. All Darwin claims is that it is possible. His third objection relates to Darwin`s rejection of design. He argues that the only thing really different in Darwin`s theory from previous theories of evolution which where completely rejected is this rejection of teleology. He begins his elaboration of this objection by defining “species.” The distinctions between many varieties of related animals which zoologists, for the convenience of classification, call distinct species are artificial. Species should be defined as “primordial organic forms” which have not evolved out of any other form, but have been in the same form (subject to varieties such as we see in dogs, horses, et cetera) throughout history. We have thus arrived at the answer to our question, What is Darwinism? It is Atheism. In Whitehead and Hartshorne, God`s existence is necessitated by two different factors which produced a dipolar concept. God in his ``primordial``, eternal, absolute nature as mind contributes the novel aims or possibilities to each succeeding event. God in his ``consequent`` changing and growing nature physically experiences the process, knowing and loving it. But experiencing involves a real relation or union, hence the cosmic process is God. Hartshorne`s philosophical and theological views have received criticism from many different quarters. Positive criticism has underscored that Hartshorne`s emphasis on change and process and creativity has acted as a great corrective to static thinking about causal laws and determinism. Process Theology is an introductory exposition of the theological movement that has been strongly influenced by the philosophies of Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne. It offers an interpretation of the basic concepts of process philosophy. Today, even though modern science is heading for high standard, the science cannot take over God, or be free by itself. Science departed from God is no longer science. It will be tumbled down rather like a babel tower. Evolutionism and Process Theology without God as Charles Hodge and Reformed theologians pointed out is naturalism defending atheism.

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