Local government in the United Kingdom

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of figures and exhibits = xi
• Preface = xiv
• Acknowledgements = xvi
• PART 1 LOCAL GOVERNMENT: THE BASICS
• 1 Introduction - Our Aims and Approach = 3
• Intrinsically boring? No longer, Minister! = 3
• You and us = 5
• Get to know your own council = 6
• An early definition = 8
• Your council's Annual Report = 8
• Organisation of the book = 9
• Guide to further reading = 10
• 2 Themes and Issues in Local Government = 11
• Introduction = 11
• Change and uncertainty = 11
• Non-elected local government = 13
• Diminished discretion = 14
• Diversity and innovation = 14
• Contracting, competing, enabling = 15
• The quest for quality = 18
• The present system: defining characteristics = 19
• Conclusion = 28
• Guide to further reading = 28
• 3 Why Elected Local Government? = 29
• Introduction = 29
• The problems of local government = 29
• The values of local government = 30
• Conclusion = 39
• Guide to further reading = 40
• 4 The Development of Local Government = 41
• Introduction = 41
• A brief overview = 41
• Pressure for change, 1830-1900 = 42
• Moving forward: the early 20th century = 47
• Post-war reform up to 1979 = 49
• The Thatcher years = 55
• The Local Government Act 1985 = 57
• Inner London Education Authority = 58
• Conclusion = 59
• Guide to further reading = 60
• 5 Current Structures = 61
• Introduction = 61
• External structures = 61
• Internal structures = 68
• Internal management - some key themes = 72
• Conclusion = 77
• Guide to further reading = 77
• 6 The Changing Functions of Local Government = 79
• Introduction = 79
• Local service provision: context = 79
• The extent of local authority functions = 83
• Classification of functions = 86
• Conclusion = 92
• Guide to further reading = 94
• 7 Central-Local Government Relations = 95
• Introduction = 95
• The formal framework = 95
• Working relationships = 100
• Department of the Environment = 104
• Analytical models = 105
• Conclusion = 114
• Guide to further reading = 115
• 8 The National Local Government System = 117
• Introduction = 117
• Setting the scene = 118
• Territorial relationships = 119
• Local authority associations = 123
• Professional networks = 125
• Non-elected bodies = 127
• The European dimension = 129
• Conclusion = 130
• Guide to further reading = 131
• 9 Finance - The Nuts and Bolts = 132
• Introduction = 132
• Your own tax bill = 133
• Capital and current spending = 134
• Financing capital spending = 135
• The capital budget = 138
• Current or revenue spending = 139
• Levies and precepts = 141
• Financing current spending = 142
• Local budgeting, centrally controlled = 154
• Conclusion = 156
• Guide to further reading = 158
• 10 Finance - The Recent Story = 159
• Introduction = 159
• The historical context = 160
• The comparative context = 162
• Criticisms of the rates = 164
• Merits of the rates = 166
• The Layfield Committee = 167
• First sighting of the poll tax = 170
• Rate capping = 173
• The community charge = 174
• The big bang = 176
• Conclusion = 179
• Guide to further reading = 180
• PART 2 THE POLITICS AND PEOPLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
• 11 Local Elections = 183
• Introduction = 183
• But why are we bothering? = 183
• Different votes, different victors = 184
• Local elections - see how they're run = 185
• The electoral system = 190
• Turnout and party competition = 191
• Local votes = 198
• Conclusion = 202
• Guide to further reading = 202
• 12 Councillors - The Voice of Choice = 204
• Introduction = 204
• Five pen portraits = 204
• Elected local politicians - the voice of choice = 208
• Politicians all = 209
• Representatives, not reflections = 210
• The councillor's job description = 216
• Representative - on the grand scale = 218
• Policy-maker = 219
• Manager = 220
• Monitor and progress chaser = 221
• The workload = 222
• Financial compensation = 223
• So why do they do it? = 225
• Conclusion = 226
• Guide to further reading = 227
• 13 The Local Government Workforce = 228
• Introduction = 228
• The employment structure of local authorities = 228
• A view from below: the diverse experience of local authority workers = 233
• A view from above: the managers and professionals of local government = 236
• From model employer to flexible employment structures = 239
• Conclusion = 243
• Guide to further reading = 244
• 14 Political Parties = 245
• Introduction = 245
• The survival of non-partisanship = 245
• Varieties of party systems = 248
• Labour's present local dominance = 249
• The history of local party politics = 252
• Party politicisation in practice = 254
• Party differences - organisation and leadership = 255
• Party differences - policies and principles = 260
• The pros and cons of party politics = 266
• Conclusion = 267
• Guide to further reading = 268
• 15 Power Relationships Inside Local Authorities = 269
• Introduction = 269
• Analytical models = 269
• Broadening out the power debate = 274
• Conclusion = 276
• Guide to further reading = 277
• 16 Local Pressure Groups: The Exercise of Influence = 278
• Introduction = 278
• Terminology = 278
• Classifications = 280
• The pluralist/elitist debate = 281
• Service delivery = 284
• London: a note = 288
• Local policy networks = 289
• Conclusion = 292
• Guide to further reading = 293
• PART 3 AN AGENDA OF CHANGE
• 17 Local Government Reorganisation - The Contemporary Debate = 297
• Introduction = 297
• Context = 297
• Into the mid-1990s - the Local Government Commission for England = 298
• The Commission's early work = 301
• Wales = 303
• Scotland = 305
• Is structural reform 'neutral'? = 306
• Conclusion = 307
• Guide to further reading = 308
• 18 Developments in Internal Management = 309
• Introduction = 309
• Analytical framework = 309
• Moving away from structures = 311
• Recent changes = 312
• The current debate = 316
• Conclusion = 322
• Guide to further reading = 323
• 19 The Impact of Compulsory Competitive Tendering = 324
• Introduction = 324
• Context = 324
• The development of competition = 327
• Winners and losers? = 329
• Impact upon management = 331
• Financial effects = 332
• Competing for Quality and the Local Government Act 1992 = 334
• Conclusion = 337
• Guide to further reading = 339
• 20 The Shape of Things to Come = 340
• Introduction = 340
• The concept of enabling = 341
• Future directions? = 342
• The traditional hierarchical authority = 344
• The residual enabling authority = 344
• The market-oriented enabling authority = 345
• The community-oriented enabler = 346
• Political implications = 348
• Financial implications = 350
• Implications for management structures and processes = 350
• Implications for territorial structure = 352
• Conclusion = 354
• Guide to further reading = 355
• Bibliography = 356
• Index = 368