Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Natural products have gained considerable attention for showing antitumor effects with less toxicities. Flavokawain B (FKB), such a natural p...
Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is a devastating malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Natural products have gained considerable attention for showing antitumor effects with less toxicities. Flavokawain B (FKB), such a natural product, has been studied for its antitumor effects in various cancers. However, the antitumor effect of FKB in cholangiocarcinoma has not been determined yet. This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of FKB in cholangiocarcinoma.
Methods: We investigated the effect of FKB on cell proliferation and apoptosis in a cholangiocarcinoma cell line, SNU-478. We examined whether the combination of FKB and cisplatin had an additional therapeutic effect. We also examined the mechanisms responsible for the effect of FKB. And we investigated the effect of FKB in xenograft model using nude mice.
Results: FKB was found to inhibit cell proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. FKB also induced cellular apoptosis additively in combination with cisplatin. Expressions of Akt and P-Akt were down-regulated by FKB. In the xenograft model, FKB treatment in combination with cisplatin/gemcitabine significantly inhibited tumor growth of SNU-478 cells.
Conclusion: FKB showed antitumor effect through apoptosis induction by suppressing Akt and P-Akt activity in cholangiocarcinoma, but the synergistic effect of FKB and cisplatin was not definite.