농업지역 지하수의 수리지화학 및 미생물 군집 구조 분석 = Hydrogeochemistry and Microbial Community Structure of Groundwater in an Agricultural Area

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study evaluated the potential threat of agricultural and human activities to groundwater in the Noseong streamwatershed, a typical agricultural area, through hydrogeochemical characteristics and microbial community analyses. Thegroundwater in the study area was Ca-SO4 and Ca-HCO3 types alluvial aquifer mainly used for agricultural and livingpurposes, and contained high levels of NO3- and Cl- ions generated from anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer, livestockwastewater, and domestic sewage. Proteobacteria was most abundant in all samples with an average of 46.1% whileActinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were dominant on an occasional basis. The prevalence of aerobicbacteria such as the genus Mycobacterium, Flavobacterium, and Sphingomonas suggests that groundwater was wellconnected with the surface layer. The potential pathogen Mycobacterium was detected in most samples, and otherpathogenic bacteria were also widely distributed, indicating the vulnerability to contamination. Therefore, an integratedmanagement system is required to secure the sustainable use of groundwater in agricultural areas with high groundwaterdependence.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정찬호 ; 양재하 ; 이유진 ; 이용천 ; 최현영 ; 김문수 ; 김현구 ; 김태승 ; 조병욱, "횡성지역 다양한 지질환경에서 지하수 중 우라늄 및 라돈-222 산출특성" 대한지질공학회 25 (25): 557-576, 2015

2 김동훈 ; 문상호 ; 고경석 ; 김성현, "함안지역 지하수의 비소(As) 함량과 미생물 군집 특성과의 연관성 검토" 대한자원환경지질학회 53 (53): 655-666, 2020

3 권홍일 ; 고동찬 ; 정병주 ; 하규철, "수치모사를 이용한 하천변 수막재배 지역 대수층-하천간 물 유출입의 시기적 변동 정량화" 대한지질학회 53 (53): 277-290, 2017

4 양재하 ; 김현구 ; 김문수 ; 이민경 ; 신인규 ; 박선화 ; 김형섭 ; 주병규 ; 김동수 ; 김태승, "수리지화학적 특성 분석을 이용한 농촌 마을 천부 음용지하수의 수질 저하 원인 분석" 대한지질공학회 25 (25): 533-545, 2015

5 오용화 ; 김동훈 ; 이수형 ; 문희선 ; 조수영, "수리지화학적 추적자(222Rn, 주요용존이온)와 미생물 군집 분석을 통한 도심 지역 하천에서의 지하수 유출 특성 평가" 한국지하수토양환경학회 25 (25): 16-23, 2020

6 문정태 ; 김강주 ; 김석휘 ; 정천성 ; 황갑수, "만경강유역 충적대수층 지하수의 비소오염현황 및 지구화학적 특성" 대한자원환경지질학회 41 (41): 673-683, 2008

7 조병욱 ; 이병대 ; 고경석 ; 윤욱, "논산시 왕전리 수막재배지역의 지하수위 변화" 대한지질공학회 22 (22): 195-205, 2012

8 윤성택 ; 채기탁 ; 최병영 ; 김강주 ; 김형수 ; 이철우 ; 김경호 ; 김순오, "금강 권역 충적층 지하수의 질산영 오염 : 질산성 질소의 기원과 거동 고찰 및 안전한 용수 공급을 위한 제언" 대한지질공학회 12 (12): 471-484, 2002

9 윤종현 ; 박선화 ; 최효정 ; 김덕현 ; 김문수 ; 윤성택 ; 김영 ; 김현구, "국내 농축산단지 내 지하수 수질특성 및 오염인자 상관관계 분석" 한국지하수토양환경학회 25 (25): 98-105, 2020

10 Korbel, K., "Wells provide a distorted view of life in the aquifer: Implications for sampling, monitoring and assessment of groundwater ecosystems" 7 (7): 40702-, 2017

11 Ramírez-Castillo, F. Y., "Waterborne pathogens: detection methods and chal-lenges" 4 (4): 307-334, 2015

12 Hounslow, A., "Water quality data: Analysis and interpre-tation" 1-398, 2018

13 Katsoyiannis, I.A., "Use of iron-and manganese-oxidizing bacteria for the combined removal of iron, manganese and arsenic from contaminated groundwater" 41 (41): 117-129, 2006

14 Li, W., "Ultrafast clustering algorithms for metagenomic sequence analysis" 13 (13): 656-668, 2012

15 Nelson, W.C., "The teduced genomes of Parcubacteria (OD1) contain signatures of a symbiotic life-style" 6 : 713-713, 2015

16 Spanevello, M.D., "The phylogenetic diversity of Thermus and Meiothermus from microbial mats of an Australian subsurface aquifer runoffchannel" 50 (50): 63-73, 2004

17 Kasalický, V., "The diversity of the Limnohabitans genus, an important group of freshwater bacterioplankton, by characterization of 35 isolated strains" 8 (8): 58209-, 2013

18 Balkwill, D. L., "The Prokaryotes: Volume 7: Proteobacteria: Delta, Epsilon Sub-class" Springer 605-629, 2006

19 Kersters, K., "The Prokaryotes: Volume 5: Proteobac-teria: Alpha and Beta Subclasses" Springer 3-37, 2006

20 Oren, A., "The Prokaryotes: Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria" Springer 975-998, 2014

21 Hallbeck, L., "The Prokaryotes: Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria" Springer 853-858, 2014

22 Lee, J. -C., "Sphingobium subterraneum sp. Nov., isolated from ground water" 65 (65): 393-398, 2015

23 Zeng, X., "Spatial distribution of microbial communities in the alluvial aquifer along the Oyodo river, Miyakonojo basin, Japan" 15 (15): 152-162, 2017

24 Edgar, R.C., "Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than blast" 26 (26): 2460-2461, 2010

25 Caporaso, J. G., "Qiime allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data" 7 (7): 335-336, 2010

26 UN Water, "Progress on level of water stress: global base-line for SDG indicator 6.4. 2" UN Water 2018

27 Forbes, B. A., "Practical guidance for clinical microbiol-ogy laboratories: Mycobacteria" 31 (31): 00038-00017, 2018

28 Ibekwe, A. M., "Potential human pathogenic bacteria in a mixed urban watershed as revealed by pyrosequencing" 8 (8): 79490-, 2013

29 Ghilamicael, A. M., "Potential human pathogenic bacte-ria in five hot springs in eritrea revealed by next generation sequencing" 13 (13): 0194554-, 2018

30 Orata, F. D., "Phylogenomic analysis of the gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs (rrder Methylococcales) calls for the reclassification of members at the genus and species levels" 9 (9): 9-, 2018

31 Wolfe, R., "Observations and studies of Crenothrix poly-spora" 52 : 915-918, 1960

32 Mueller, D.K, "Nutrients in the nation's waters--too much of a good thing?" 1996

33 Stites, W., "Nitrate and chloride loading to groundwater from an irrigated north-central U.S. sand-plain veg-etable field" 30 (30): 1176-1184, 2001

34 Delafont, V., "Mycobacterium llatzerense, a waterborne Mycobacterium, that resists phagocytosis by Acan-thamoeba castellanii" 7 (7): 46270-, 2017

35 Schulze-Röbbecke, R., "Mycobacteria in the environment" 21 (21): 126-131, 1993

36 Percival, S.L., "Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases" Academic Press 177-207, 2014

37 Uyttendaele, M., "Microbial hazards in irrigation water: standards, norms, and test-ing to manage use of water in fresh produce primary produc-tion" 14 (14): 336-356, 2015

38 Janniche, G. S., "Microbial community-level physiological profiles (CLPP and herbicide mineralization potential in groundwater affected by agricultural land use" 140 (140): 45-55, 2012

39 Oh, S., "Microbial community enhances biodegradation of bisphenol a through selection of Sphingomonadaceae" 77 (77): 631-639, 2019

40 Griebler, C., "Microbial biodiversity in groundwater ecosystems" 54 (54): 649-677, 2009

41 Gibbs, R.J., "Mechanisms controlling world water chemis-try" 170 (170): 1088-1090, 1970

42 Slover, C.M., "Lactobacillus: a review" 30 (30): 23-27, 2008

43 Yoon, K. -S., "Isolation and characterization of a new fac-ultatively autotrophic hydrogen-xxidizing betaproteobacterium, Hydrogenophaga sp. AH-24" 278 (278): 94-100, 2008

44 Pachepsky, Y., "Irrigation waters as a source of pathogenic microorganisms in produce: a review" 113 : 75-141, 2011

45 Allende, A., "Irrigation water quality for leafy crops: A perspective of risks and potential solutions" 12 (12): 7457-7477, 2015

46 "Integrated technology development for securing groundwater/geothermal resources and conserving ecosystem according to climate change"

47 Kim, H., "Identifying the sources of nitrate contamination of groundwater in an agricultural area (Haean basin, Korea) using isotope and microbial community analyses" 533 : 566-575, 2015

48 Oh, Y. H., "Identifying and quantifying groundwater inflow to a stream using 220Rn and 222Rn as natural tracers" 33 : 100773-, 2021

49 Ko, K. -S., "Hydrogeochemistry and statistical analysis of water qual-ity for small potable water supply system in Nonsan area" 13 (13): 72-84, 2008

50 Kanamori, H., "Healthcare outbreaks associated with a water reservoir and infection pre-vention strategies" 62 (62): 1423-1435, 2016

51 Saether, O.M., "Geochemical processes, weathering and groundwater recharge in catchments" CRC Press 1996

52 De Vet, W., "Gallionella spp. in trickling filtration of sub-surface aerated and natural groundwater" 109 (109): 904-912, 2012

53 이경미 ; 박선화 ; 김기인 ; 전상호 ; 송다희 ; 김덕현 ; 김태승 ; 윤성택 ; 정현미 ; 김현구, "Evaluation for Impacts of Nitrogen Source to Groundwater Quality in Livestock Farming Area" 한국토양비료학회 50 (50): 345-356, 2017

54 Kwon, H. -I., "Evaluating the impacts of intense seasonal groundwater pumping on stream–aquifer interactions in agricultural riparian zones using a multi-parameter approach" 584 : 124683-, 2020

55 Thomas, F., "Environmental and gut Bacteroidetes: the food connection" 2 : 93-93, 2011

56 Van Der Linden, I., "Enteric pathogen survival varies substantially in irrigation water from Belgian lettuce producers" 11 (11): 10105-10124, 2014

57 Pedersen, K., "Encyclopedia of Geobiology" Springer 411-412, 2011

58 Waśkiewicz, A., "Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology (Second Edition)" Academic Press, Oxford 938-942, 2014

59 Sang, S., "Diversity and predictive metabolic pathways of the pro-karyotic microbial community along a groundwater salinity gra-dient of the Pearl river delta, China" 8 (8): 17317-, 2018

60 Hassan, Z., "Diverse arsenic- and iron-cycling microbial communities in arsenic-contaminated aquifers used for drinking water in Bangladesh" 91 (91): 2015

61 Hlavinek, P., "Dangerous pollutants (Xenobiotics) in urban water cycle" Springer 2008

62 Wang, W., "Consistent responses of the microbial community structure to organic farming along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river" 6 (6): 35046-, 2016

63 Huntley, S., "Comparative genomic analysis of fruiting body rormation in Myxococcales" 28 (28): 1083-1097, 2010

64 Stoecker, K., "Cohn’s Crenothrix is a filamentous methane oxidizer with an unusual methane monooxygenase" 103 (103): 2363-2367, 2006

65 Sherwood, W.C., "Chloride loading in the south fork of the Shenandoah river, Virginia, U.S.A" 14 : 99-106, 1989

66 Lacroix, B., "Brenner's encyclopedia of genetics" Academic Press 52-54, 2013

67 Bratanis, E., "Biotechnological potential of Bdellovibrio and like organisms and their secreted enzymes" 11 (11): 11-, 2020

68 De Vet, W., "Biological iron cxidation by Gallionella spp. in drinking water production under fully aerated conditions" 45 (45): 5389-5398, 2011

69 de Voogd, N. J., "Bacterial community composition and predicted functional ecology of sponges, sediment and seawater from the thousand islands reef complex, West Java, Indonesia" 91 (91): 91-, 2015

70 Lee, J. -H., "Bacterial communi-ties in ground-and surface water mixing zone induced by sea-sonal heavy extraction of groundwater" 35 (35): 768-774, 2018

71 Pagadala, S., "Assessment of region, farming system, irrigation source and sampling time as food safety risk factors for tomatoes" 196 : 98-108, 2015

72 Zhang, Q., "Alterations in soil microbial community composition and biomass following agricultural land use change" 6 (6): 36587-, 2016

73 Lall, U., "A snapshot of the world's groundwater challenges" 45 : 171-194, 2020

74 Piper, A.M., "A Graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses" 25 (25): 914-928, 1944