The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy change of Basic Academic Achievement guarantee policy after the covid-19 Pandemic by applying Birkland’s Event Related Policy Change Model.
The research questions set up for this purpose are as foll...
The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy change of Basic Academic Achievement guarantee policy after the covid-19 Pandemic by applying Birkland’s Event Related Policy Change Model.
The research questions set up for this purpose are as follows:
First, what changes have been made to the basic academic achievement guarantee policy of the Ministry of Education and the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education after the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Second, what are the characteristics of the policy formation process that influenced changes in basic academic achievement guarantee policies after the COVID-19 pandemic?
In order to solve these research questions, a literature study was conducted using the proposed Basic Education Security Act, publications and press releases of the Education Ministry and the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education, related media reports, and minutes of the National Assembly.
The main findings are as follows.
First, there were changes in the basic academic achievement guarantee policies of the Ministry of Education and the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education after the COVID-19 pandemic. The 20th National Assembly's Basic academic achievement guarantee policy was proposed in the 21st National Assembly after the pandemic, which could find changes in the definition of terms. In addition, the 21st National Assembly expanded its positive view of the basic academic achievement guarantee policy, compared to the opinion of the 20th National Assembly. The Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education's basic academic achievement guarantee policy also changed some details of the elementary school-level after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Second, in the process of changing basic education guarantee policies, COVID-19 has polarized school classes, educational gaps and learning deficits for students, and interest in basic academic achievement guarantee policies to reduce this educational gap has grown. Advocacy groups emphasized the responsibility of public education by presenting indicators of educational polarization caused by COVID-19, and discussions on basic academic achievement guarantee policies became active. In other words, in the course of policy changes in basic academic achievement guarantee policies, policy changes such as increasing public interest, participation of advocacy groups, discussion of ideas, and drawing new policy decisions were also consistent with policy changes.
These findings and discussion led to the following conclusions:
First, it can be interpreted that changes occurred in the policy of basic academic achievement guarantee policy after the COVID-19 pandemic, and that the spread of COVID-19 affected the policy change of basic academic achievement guarantee policy as a focal event.
Second, the basic academic achievement guarantee policy change process can be described by Birkland's event related policy change model. In the meantime, Birkland's model has been mainly addressed in the areas of disaster and social problems. However, the model can also be applied to educational problem.
Third, the process of policy variation is often not explained by just one model. Just as prior research supplemented the limitations of Sabatier's advocacy alliance model and Kingdon's policy stream model, the flow of basic education policies was not explained by Birkland's model alone. Thus, the basic academic achievement guarantee policy change process could interpret the factors behind the changes in parliamentary seats in terms of the change in administration and changes in parliamentary seats in Kingdon's policy stream model, along with Birkland's focus event related policy change model.