정상 성인의 수동적 슬관절 고유수용성 감각 검사 = Passive Knee Joint Proprioception Test in Normal Adults

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: To establish appropriate test angle of passive knee proprioception test and to compare with active knee proprioception test.
Method: Thirty one healthy volunteers were tested in seated position on isokinetic machine. For passive test, the knee joints were placed in starting angle of 0˚, 30˚ in flexion test and 90˚, 60˚ in extension test. To memorize target angle, they were passively positioned to the target angle and left hold for 10 seconds, and returned to starting position. After these processes, knee joints were passively moved toward flexion and extension target angle. The subjects were instructed to press stop button when the memorized angles were reproduced. The tests were performed 3 times for each 6 different test angle. The active test were performed with the same memorized process but the subjects moved actively to reproduce target angles. The absolute angular errors (AAE) between target angle and produced angle were measured and compared.
Results: In passive proprioception test, the AAEs were increased according to the test angle differences were increased from 30˚ to 60˚. In the same target angle difference, there were no differences between starting positions. When the results of passive test were compared with active test, there were no significant differences in the flexion test, but larger angular error were measured in extension test.
Conclusion: The passive knee proprioception test could be useful for patients with lower extremity weakness. Considering the possible error of large angular difference, the testing angular differences should be properly selected.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: To establish appropriate test angle of passive knee proprioception test and to compare with active knee proprioception test.
Method: Thirty one healthy volunteers were tested in seated position on isokinetic machine. For passive test, the knee joints were placed in starting angle of 0˚, 30˚ in flexion test and 90˚, 60˚ in extension test. To memorize target angle, they were passively positioned to the target angle and left hold for 10 seconds, and returned to starting position. After these processes, knee joints were passively moved toward flexion and extension target angle. The subjects were instructed to press stop button when the memorized angles were reproduced. The tests were performed 3 times for each 6 different test angle. The active test were performed with the same memorized process but the subjects moved actively to reproduce target angles. The absolute angular errors (AAE) between target angle and produced angle were measured and compared.
Results: In passive proprioception test, the AAEs were increased according to the test angle differences were increased from 30˚ to 60˚. In the same target angle difference, there were no differences between starting positions. When the results of passive test were compared with active test, there were no significant differences in the flexion test, but larger angular error were measured in extension test.
Conclusion: The passive knee proprioception test could be useful for patients with lower extremity weakness. Considering the possible error of large angular difference, the testing angular differences should be properly selected.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 최영호, "슬관절 테이핑이 정상인의 근 피로와 고유수용성 감각에 미치는 효과" 대한물리치료학회 14 (14): 323-330, 2002

2 조형준, "슬관절 골관절염과 편측 슬관절 전치환술이 균형능력에 미치는 영향" 대한재활의학회 31 (31): 725-729, 2007

3 Boerboom AL, "Validation of a method to measure the proprioception of the knee" 28 : 610-614, 2008

4 Ageberg E, "Test-retest reliability of knee kinesthesia in healthy adults" 8 : 57-63, 2007

5 Reider B, "Proprioception of the knee before and after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" 19 : 2-12, 2003

6 Rozzi SL, "Knee joint laxity and neuromuscular characteristics of male and female soccer and basketball players" 27 : 312-319, 1999

7 Barrett DS, "Joint proprioception in normal, osteoarthritic and replaced knees" 73 : 53-56, 1991

8 Zhou MW, "Factors affecting proprioceptive recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" 121 : 2224-2228, 2008

9 Sahin N, "Evaluation of knee proprioception and effects of proprioception exercise in patients with benign joint hypermobility syndrome" 28 : 995-1000, 2008

10 Hazneci B, "Efficacy of isokinetic exercise on joint position sense and muscle strength in patellofemoral pain syndrome" 84 : 521-527, 2005

11 Callaghan MJ, "Effects of patellar taping on knee joint proprioception in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome" 13 : 192-199, 2008

12 Kwon OY, "Effects of muscle fatigue on knee proprioception" 22 : 960-965, 1998

13 Bennell K, "Effects of experimentally-induced anterior knee pain on knee joint position sense in healthy individuals" 23 : 46-53, 2005

14 Lee HM, "Correlation between proprioception, muscle strength, knee laxity, and dynamic standing balance in patients with chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency" 16 : 387-391, 2009

15 Robert D, "Clinical measurements of proprioception, muscle strength and laxity in relation to function in the ACL-injured knee" 15 : 9-16, 2007

16 Park SK, "Changing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle affect knee laxity and stiffness in healthy female subjects" 37 : 588-598, 2009

17 Selfe J, "An investigation into the effect of number of trials during proprioceptive testing in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome" 24 : 1218-1221, 2006

18 Park SK, "Alterations in knee joint laxity during the menstrual cycle in healthy women leads to increases in joint loads during selected athletic movements" 37 : 1169-1177, 2009