Detection of Human Adenoviruses and Enteroviruses in Korean Oysters Using Cell Culture, Integrated Cell Culture-PCR, and Direct PCR

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Oysters are known to be carriers of food-born diseases, but research on viruses in Korean
oysters is scarce despite its importance for public health. We therefore tested oysters
cultivated in Goheung, Seosan, Chungmu, and Tongyeong, for viral contamination using
cell culture and integrated cell culture PCR (ICC-PCR) with Buffalo green monkey kidney
(BGMK) and human lung epithelial (A549) cells. Additional screens via PCR, amplifying
viral nucleic acids extracted from oysters supplemented our analysis. Our methods found
23.6%, 50.9%, and 89.1% of all oysters to be positive for adenoviruses when cell culture,
ICC-PCR, and direct PCR, respectively, was used to conduct the screen. The same
methodology identified enteroviruses in 5.45%, 30.9%, and 10.9% of all cases. Most of the
detected enteroviruses (81.3%) were similar to poliovirus type 1; the remainder resembled
coxsackievirus type A1. A homology search with the adenoviral sequences revealed
similarities to adenovirus subgenera C (type 2, 5, and 6), D (type 44), and F (enteric type
40 and 41). Adenovirus-positive samples were more abundant in A549 cells (47.3%) than
in BGMK cells (18.2%), while the reverse was true for enteroviruses (21.8% vs. 14.5%).
Our data demonstrate that Korean oysters are heavily contaminated with enteric viruses,
which is readily detectable via ICC-PCR using a combination of A549 and BGMK cells.

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