범주유창성 과제로 평가한 한국 노인들의 의미지식 구조: 문식성과 교육 효과 = Semantic Structure of the Elderly Koreans as Assessed by Category Fluency Test: Effects of Literacy and Education

국문 초록 (Abstract)

치매 진단에 중요한 신경심리 검사들이 문식성 상태 또는 교육 수준에 의해 영향을 받는다고 보고되고 있다. 이 중 언어적 개념형성 과제들은 문맹 혹은 교육 수준이 낮은 노인들에게서 특히 저조한 수행이 관찰되는데, 이는 이 노인들이 문자 활용 및 교육의 기회가 많지 않아 개념형성 능력이 적게 발달했을 가능성은 물론 의미지식 구조 자체의 차이가 수행에 영향을 미쳤을 가능성이 있다. 본 연구에서는 저학력 노인들의 의미 범주에 따라 조직화된 의미지식 구조를 연구하기 위하여 범주유창성 검사에서 반응들을 양적․질적으로 분석하였다. 구체적으로, 문맹 저교육, 문해 저교육, 문해 고교육 집단에 대해 범주유창성 검사를 실시하고 군집화/전환 채점 방식을 통해 질적으로 분석하였으며, 다차원 척도법을 적용하여 내적 인지지도를 도식화하였다. 연구 결과 집단 간 내적 인지지도상의 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았으나 질적 분석 결과에서 문맹 및 저교육 노인의 저조한 수행을 확인하였으며, 이것은 문맹이거나 교육 수준이 낮은 노인들의 의미지식 구조가 덜 체계적으로 조직화되어 있음을 함의한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It has been reported that illiterate elderly people or elderly people with low educational background obtain lower scores on verbal concept formation tasks compared to control subjects. Several studies have suggested that deterioration in the structure of semantic networks may underlie verbal conceptual dysfunctions. In this study we examined the semantic structure in the elderly Koreans by analyzing the responses of Category Fluency test quantitatively and qualitatively. Healthy elderly subjects were recruited from the local community. The Category Fluency Test involved two semantic categories: i.e., animal and supermarket. The study examined the clustering and switching variables in the two categories and employed multidimensional scaling (MDS) to derive the internal cognitive maps of the three groups of elderly subjects: the illiterate with low education, the literate with low education, and the literate with high education. Three groups demonstrated similar cognitive maps with domestic dimension in semantic structure. However, clustering and switching variables indicated that literacy was related to the number of words generated on both fluency tests and higher education was associated with more switching. These results suggest that the semantic structure in the illiterate elderly or the elderly with low educational background was less organized than that of the literate counterpart with high educational background.

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