논 생태계 서식 수서생물 채집 도구 개발: 유인제를 사 용한 수중트랩 = The Development of a Sampling Instrument for Aquatic Organisms in Rice Paddy Fields: Submerged Funnel Traps with Attractants

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The need for an efficient sampling technique to collect aquatic organisms has risen with the increase of interest in rice paddy fields, which have been recognized as important ecosystems supporting biodiversity. In the present study, a submerged funnel trap used with the assistance of attracting agents (fish meal and chemical light) was designed as an easy, objective and quantitative tool for collecting aquatic organisms in the rice paddy fields. The preference for collecting aquatic organisms as a means for attracting agents was analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Also, based on the data of previous research, we compared the community composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrates, which were collected using the quadrat method, and newly designed submerged funnel traps, by analyzing non-metric multidimensional scaling. The results showed that the catching efficiency of 18 of the total 65 taxa was affected by the attracting agents. 12 taxa including Pomacea canaliculata, Hippeutis cantori, Austropeplea ollula, Erpobdella lineata, Ostracoda spp. Branchinella kugenumaensis, Hydaticus grammicus, Rhantus pulverosus, Chironomidae spp., Rana nigromaculata, Cobitidae spp. etc., favored fish meal and 6 taxa including Ischnura asiatica, Coenagrionidae spp. Sternolophus rufipes etc., were attracted by chemical light. The submerged funnel trap used as a measurement tool for biodiversity was less applicable than the quadrat method; however, it was more effective for the selective collection of specific taxa. We expect that this newly designed trap can be a simple and quantitative method for collecting aquatic organisms, and could be used for long term and extensive surveys in rice paddy fields in the future.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

생물다양성 측면에서 논 생태계의 중요성이 대두되면서 수서생물을 효율적으로 채집하는 방법이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구는 논 생태계 내에서 수서생물을 객관적이고 정량적으 로 쉽게 채집하기 위해 두 가지 유인제 (어분, 캐미라이트)를 활용한 수중트랩을 고안하였다. 고안된 트랩으로 채집된 수 서생물의 유인제 선호도는 일반화선형혼합모형을 통해 분 석되었다. 또한 선행연구의 데이터를 활용하여 방형구와 수 중트랩으로 채집된 수서 무척추동물의 군집 조성을 비계량 형다차원척도법을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과, 수중트랩 에 의해 채집된 65분류군의 수서생물 중 18분류군이 유인제 에 의해 채집효율이 달라지는 것을 확인하였다. 18분류군 중 왕우렁이, 수정또아리물달팽이, 애기물달팽이, 돌거머리, 패 충류, 풍년새우, 꼬마줄물방개, 애기물방개, 깔따구류, 참개구 리, 미꾸리류 등 12분류군은 어분을 선호하였고, 아시아실잠 자리, 실잠자리류, 깃동잠자리, 방물벌레, 검정배물벌레, 애물 땡땡이 등 6종은 캐미라이트를 선호하였다. 또한 수중트랩은 방형구법에 비해 생물다양성의 측정도구로서의 활용도는 낮지만 특정 분류군의 선택적인 채집에는 효과적이었다. 본 연 구에서 간단하고 정량적인 방법으로 수서생물을 채집할 수 있도록 고안된 트랩은 장기적이고 광범위한 논 수서생물 생 태 조사에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한민수, "환경농업 시범마을 논에서 시비에 다른 무척추동물 개체 수 변화" 한국환경농학회 21 (21): 3-, 2002

2 김종길, "농업생태계 내 수서곤충류의 생태분석 및 환경평가" 한국응용곤충학회 46 (46): 335-341, 2007

3 강현경, "논에 서식하는 수서 대형무척추동물의 채집기 비교: 채집망과 방형구 및 core" 한국응용곤충학회 49 (49): 313-324, 2010

4 한민수, "논 생태계 수서무척추동물상" 한국환경농학회 26 (26): 267-273, 2007

5 한민수, "논 생태계 내 유기농법 재배 지역과 관행농법 재배 지역의 저서무척추동물군집의 특성" 한국환경농학회 32 (32): 17-23, 2013

6 최락중, "논 생태계 내 둠벙의 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집구조 특성" 한국환경농학회 32 (32): 304-314, 2013

7 Hansen A, "Ultrastructure of the olfactory organ in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, during larval development and metamorphosis" 398 : 273-288, 1998

8 Oksanen J, "The vegan package ver. 2.4-4" Community ecology package 2017

9 Cheal F, "The influence of sampling method on the classification of wetland macroinvertebrate communities" 257 : 47-56, 1993

10 Jensen JC, "The fine structure of uniporous and nonporous pegs on the distal antennal segment of the diving beetle Graphoderus occidentalis Horn (Coleptera:Dytiscidae)" 69 : 334-352, 1991

11 Lai YT, "The chemosensory ability of the predatory leech Whitmania laevis(Arhynchobdellida : Haemopidae)for prey searching" 21 : 67-72, 2011

12 Roh G, "Spatiotemporal distributions and habitat characteristics of the endangered treefrog, Hyla suweonensis, in relation to sympatric H" 24 : 78-84, 2014

13 Dyte CE, "Some interesting habitats of larval Dolichopodidae (Diptera)" 95 : 139-143, 1959

14 Sawin EP, "Sensorimotor transformation from light reception to phototactic behavior in Drosophila larvae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)" 7 : 553-, 1994

15 Turner AM, "Sampling aquatic invertebrates from marshes: evaluating the options" 16 : 694-709, 1997

16 LaRow EJ, "Response of Chaoborus (Diptera: Chaoboridae)larvae to different wavelengths of light" 64 : 461-464, 1971

17 Boda P, "Phototaxis and polarotaxis hand in hand: night dispersal flight of aquatic insects distracted synergistically by light intensity and reflection polarization" 101 : 385-395, 2014

18 Swift MC, "Photoresponses of Chaoborus larvae" 26 : 365-371, 1980

19 Bates D, "Package ‘lme4’. R foundation for statistical computing" Vienna 2017

20 Verdonschot RC, "Optimizing the use of activity traps for aquatic biodiversity studies" 29 : 1228-1240, 2010

21 Hallberg E, "Olfactory sensilla in crustaceans: morphology, sexual dimorphism, and distribution patterns" 26 : 173-180, 1997

22 Anderson MJ, "Navigating the multiple meanings of β diversity: a roadmap for the practicing ecologist" 14 : 19-28, 2011

23 Oksanen J, "Multivariate analysis of ecological communities in R: vegan tutorial" 7 : 11-12, 2011

24 Mann KH, "Leeches (Hirudinea): their structure, physiology, ecology and embryology" Elsevier 79-80, 2013

25 Klečka J, "Lazy ecologist’s guide to water beetle diversity: Which sampling methods are the best?" 11 : 500-508, 2011

26 Prather CM, "Invertebrates, ecosystem services and climate change" 88 : 327-348, 2013

27 Courtney GW, "Insect biodiversity: science and society" Blackwell 185-222, 2009

28 Stabell OB, "Inducible defences in Daphnia depend on latent alarm signals from conspecific prey activated in predators" 28 : 141-153, 2003

29 Irie-Kushiyama S, "Identification of 24 genes and two pseudogenes coding for olfactory receptors in Japanese loach, classified into four subfamilies: a putative evolutionary process for fish olfactory receptor gense by comprehensive phylogenetic analysis" 325 : 123-135, 2004

30 Bolker BM, "Generalized linear mixed models: a practical guide for ecology and evolution" 24 : 127-135, 2009

31 Croll RP, "Gastropod chemoreception" 58 : 293-319, 1983

32 Elphick CS, "Functional equivalency between rice fields and seminatural wetland habitats" 14 : 181-191, 2000

33 Han MS, "Fishes, amphibians and reptiles in paddy ecosystem of Korea" National Academy of Agricultural Science 1-103, 2011

34 Watanabe K, "Feeding behaviour of the Japanese loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (Cobitididae)" 1 : 86-90, 1983

35 Niimura Y, "Evolutionary dynamics of olfactory receptor genes in fishes and tetrapods" 102 : 6039-6044, 2005

36 Huni A, "Evaluation of a kicking technique for sampling stream bottom fauna" 49 : 167-173, 1971

37 Kim JO, "Efforts to Improve Biodiversity in Paddy Field Ecosystem of South Korea" 1 : 25-30, 2011

38 Kadoya T, "Dragonfly crisis in Japan: a likely consequence of recent agricultural habitat degradation" 142 : 1899-1905, 2009

39 Elmberg J, "Do intruding predators and trap position affect the reliability of catches in activity traps?" 239 : 187-193, 1993

40 Helgen JH, "Developing an index of biological integrity for 33 depressional wetlands in Minnesota" Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 1993

41 Radwell AJ, "Comparing chemiluminescent and LED light for trapping water mites and aquatic insects" 8 : 733-738, 2009

42 Son JK, "Community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates according to growth environment at rural palustrine wetland" 15 : 129-144, 2012

43 Fujioka M, "Bird use of rice fields in Korea and Japan" 33 : 8-29, 2010

44 Lavergne S, "Biodiversity and climate change: integrating evolutionary and ecological responses of species and communities" 41 : 321-350, 2010

45 Choe LJ, "Benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity improved with irrigation ponds linked to a rice paddy field" 46 : 70-79, 2016

46 Han MS, "Aquatic invertebrates in paddy ecosystem of Korea" National Academy of Agricultural Science 1-416, 2008

47 Fernando CH, "Aquatic insects taken at light in Ceylon, with a discussion and bibliography of references to aquatic insects at light" 4 : 45-54, 1961

48 Yoon IB, "Aquatic insects of Korea" Junghaengsa 1-262, 1995

49 Mackey AP, "An evaluation of sampling strategies for qualitative surveys of macro-invertebrates in rivers, using pond nets" 1 : 515-534, 1984

50 Statistics Korea, "Agricultural Area Survey"

51 De La Rosa C, "A note on phototactic behavior and on phoretic associations in larvae of Mecistogaster ornata Rambur from northern Costa Rica (Zygoptera:Pseudostigmatidae)" 24 : 219-224, 1995

52 Semenchenko V, "A new record of the North American gastropod Physella acuta (Draparnaud 1805) from the Neman River Basin, Belarus" 3 : 359-360, 2008

53 O’Connor Á, "A comparison of the efficacy of pond-net and box sampling methods in turloughs-Irish ephemeral aquatic systems" 524 : 133-144, 2004