큰 것을 작게: 헨리 제임스의 여성인물들 = Macro as Micro: Female Characters in Henry James

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper aims to explore the meaning of female characters in Henry James`s texts in terms of their importance in the context of the 19th century American novel. James, more than any other writers of his time, is attributed to ascending the dimension of American novel in his deep, intense portrait of female characters in his works. In dealing with the issue of women in James, we have to note that almost all the women he depicts are American. James was sympathetic to the claims of American women, the consequence of which is to portray them as an independent being. James`s characters are not just females, but they are American women or girls in that they become an heir of their age; his characters signify the contemporary circumstances of American women as well as their plight as females. What James did by epitomizing th conflict of American women made him a unique writer in the 19th century literary landscape, largely because before him American fiction is written from a male perspective in which the position of women is ignored. Behind James`s treatment of American women lies his observation of their fate in his time. James believes that American women are distinctive in their fate, especially in comparison with their counterpart in Europe. Devoid of history and culture which might prepare them to learn the many facets of realities, American women are destined to deal with the complexities of life in their own hand, the result of which is to pay for the painful lesson of life in the intricate world of Europe. As James was aware of the perennial dilemma of American women, he could create female characters who stand out as a person of substance and individuality. No matter how many different realities they face, James`s characters sustain the ability to confirm their identity as an American woman.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Eakin, Paul John, "The New England Girl: Cultural Ideals in Hawthorne, Stowe, Howells and James" U of Georgia P 1976

2 Fryer,Judith, "The Faces of Eve: Women in the Nineteenth Century American Novel" Oxford UP 1976

3 Walton,Priscilla L, "The Disruption of the Feminine in Henry James" U of Toronto P 1992

4 James,Henry, "The American Scene" Indiana UP 1968

5 Chase,Richard, "The American Novel and Its Tradition" Doubleday 1957

6 Warren,Joyce W, "The American Narcissus: Individualism and Women in Nineteenth- Century American Fiction" Rutgers UP 1984

7 Kelly, Mary, "Private Woman, Public Stage: Literary Domesticity in Nineteenth-Century America" U of North Carolina P 2001

8 James, Henry, "Preface to the New York Edition. In: The Wings of the Dove" Norton 3-16, 1978

9 James, Henry, "Preface to the New York Edition. In: The Portrait of a Lady" Norton 3-15, 1975

10 Banta, Martha, "Men, Women, and the American Way. In: The Cambridge Companion to Henry James" Cambridge UP 21-39, 1998

11 Fiedler, Leslie A, "Love and Death in the American Novel" Stein and Day 1982

12 Fowler,Virginia C, "Henry James’s American Girl:The Embroidery on the Canvas" U of Wisconsin P 1984

13 Novick,Sheldon M, "Henry James: The Young Master" Random House 1996

14 Edel, Leon, "Henry James: The Untried Years: 1843-1870" Avon 1870

15 Kaplan, Fred, "Henry James: The Imagination of Genius" Morrow 1992

16 Edel,Leon, "Henry James: A Life" Flamingo 1996

17 Habegger, Alfred, "Henry James and the “Woman Business.”" Cambridge UP 1989

18 Dupee, F. W, "Henry James" William Sloane 1951

19 Wagenknecht, Edward, "Eve and Henry James: Portraits of Women and Girls in His Fiction" U of Oklahoma P 1978

20 Rourke, Constance, "American Humor: A Study of National Character" Harcourt Brace 1931

21 Allen, Elizabeth, "A Woman’s Place in the Novels of Henry James" Macmillan 1984

22 Gordon,Lyndall, "A Private Life of Henry James: Two Women and His Art" Chatto & Windus 1998