Factors Favoring Independent Over Shared Living Arrangements Among the Elderly Korean

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 노인들의 독립거주에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 자료는 7,833명의 60세 이상이며, 한국보건사회연구원에 의해 수행된 2011년도 전국 노인생활실태 및 복지욕구조사의 일부이다. 선택된 표본은 혼자 사는 집단 및 동거 집단(즉, 배우자 혹은 성인자녀)로 나뉘었다. 약 31%가 혼자 사는 표본으로 나타났다. 총 3개의 모델이 검증되었다. 첫째, 노화의 인간-환경 이론에 의하여 혼자 사는 노인이 어느 정도 자신의 사회적 환경 속에 적합한 삶을 누리고 있는지를 보고자 하였다. 인간-환경이론이 제시하고자 하는 것은 보다 적은 사회적 재원을 가진 경우 자신의 환경에 덜 적합함을 제시하고 있다. 둘째, 문화적 기대 이론은 독립된 거주형태를 촉진하게 되는 요소로서 변화하고 있는 가족 문화를 제시하고자 한다. 셋째, 사회적 호위 이론을 사용하여 거주형태가 어떠한 노인들의 사회적 관계성을 맺게 해주는 지를 파악하고자 하였다. 위계적 로지스틱 다변량
검증결과, 독립된 거주형태일 경우 노인들은 자신의 환경을 덜 통제하게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 혼자 사는 노인일수록 인구학적으로 열악하였으며, 주관적인 생활수준이 더 낮다고 보고하였다. 혼자 사는 노인의 경우, 이상적인 노후생활비 마련은 성인 자녀 혹은 사회가 제공해야한다고 생각하는 경향이 높았다. 마지막으로, 혼자 살 경우 친한 친구와의 접촉 빈도의 확률이 더 낮았다. 본 연구 결과는 노년기의 독립 거주 형태는 경제적인 열악성과 관련이 깊고, 이러한 사실은 자신보다는 성인자녀나 사회로부터의 경제적인 도움을 받고자 하는 경향으로 나타났다. 본 연구가 갖는 함의는 단독 거주형태의 노인들의 사회 환경 개선을 위한 여러 정책적인해결책이 필요하다는 점이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article explores the factors influencing the independent living arrangements of Korean senior citizens. Data
are drawn from a 2011 national survey of the Living Conditions and Welfare Needs, conducted by the Korea
Institute for Health Social Affairs, and composed of 7,833 elderly people aged 60 and over. The selected sample
is divided into two groups – living alone and living with others (e.g., spouse or adult children). One-third of the
sample group, 31%, was reported to live on their own. All three models were tested. First, the person-environment
(P-E) theory of aging is adopted to test how elders living alone fit adequately into their social environment. The
P-E model suggests that those having fewer social resources are less likely to adapt to their environment. Second,
the cultural expectancy theory represents the changing cultural phenomenon of residential patterns which facilitates
separate living arrangements. Third, the social convoy model is employed to test elders’ social involvement. The
hierarchical logistic regression analyses show that elderly individuals living on their own are found to have less
control over their environment; they are demographically disadvantaged and perceive their living status as low.
The elders living alone are more likely to rely on either adult children or society for their ideal old age living
expenses. Finally, those elderly living by themselves tend to meet their friends less than those living with others.
The results of this study clearly show that elderly Koreans living alone are prone to live in an environment that
is not congruent with their needs. Policies for improving social environments of individuals living alone are
strongly needed.

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