초기 사진에 나타난 초상사진의 대중화에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Historical progress shows inherent artistic expressive mode corresponding to inclination, way of thought and political character of the period. And it also has influence on the subject of artistic expression and the way it is expressed. In 19th century, we can see the technique of work as well as character of the face in the portrait is changing. This new technique began to change a way of expression into one we couldn't see so far. The invention of photograph played a decisive role in such change.
The photograph is playing an important role in modern life. Today, we can not imagine a life without photographs in some way. The photograph became indispensible to science and industry. It is the origin of mass media like movies, television or video and it takes important place in thousands of newspapers and magazines everyday. Like this, photographs became a part of our daily life. As we have seen them in our daily life so much, they penetrated into our life to the degree that we could not even recognize them any more.
One of the characters of the photograph is that it is accepted by every classes of the society in the same way, in which great social importance of the photograph lies. The photograph knows its endowed purpose on the basis of a society, that is technological civilization. A society consisted on the hierarchical system with reasonable spirit is typical way of expression and the best tool for the society. The capacity to reproduce outside reality correctly gives the photograph a character as a recording means and as a means to reproduce social life most faithfully and most fairly.
It is natural that a person want to express himself and it is also the most intrinsic attribute that a person wants to keep the portrait of himself, his family or relatives. Long endeavors people want to preserve their face through painting or sculpture became an important duty of the photograph as a medium named photograph was invented.
As passing through 18th century, a new status, middle class's desire for portrait which was exclusive possession of high class became the origin of photograph, a new mode of mutual understanding, which came to us as a result of many researchers' effort. Today, the photograph has developed in many various ways, but portrait photograph was given much weight in the early photographs to the degree that it is no exaggeration to say that nearly all of early photographs were portrait photographs. However, after invention of a camera, photographers gathered many people to the front of the camera, advertising that the photograph could satisfy desire for portrait. But, it has a lot of limitation to be popularized for reasons of too high price, insufficient clearness, impossible reproduction and inconvenience due to long time exposure.
In this study, I am going to examine whether the photograph introduced under the slogan of popularization of portrait in 1839 was popularized, satisfying people's desire for portrait and the process of the popularization.
First, the process that the center of character portrayal and characteristics of changing process are changing from portrait to portrait photograph is considered by examining the changing process of portrait.
Second, we should understand changing process of hierarchical system through the situation of the period at the time when the photograph was invented, on the basis of which desire for portrait of a new class, various types of portrait appeared to satisfy the desire and developmental process of early portrait photograph will be examined.
Third, the photograph came to attract interest and popularity, claiming that all people are equal and popularization of portrait has begun after it was invented. The situation appeared in such process, meaning of popularization and whether it was realized, centering around Disderi's carte-de-visite and a series of consequent movement which brought popularization of portrait a step closer will be considered.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• I. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구목적 = 1
• 2. 연구방법 = 3
• II. 본론 = 4
• 1. 초상화와 초상 사진 = 4
• 2. 사진 발명 당시의 시대적 상황 = 9
• 3. 초상 사진 이전의 초상화 = 15
• 4. 초상 사진의 발명과 발전 = 23
• 5. 디스데리의 명함판 사진 = 30
• 6. 초기 초상 사진의 양상과 영향 = 35
• III. 결론 = 45
• 참고문헌 = 48
• ABSTRACT = 51