Has the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act Achieved Its Stated Goals?

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper examines the impact of CBERA (Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act) trade provisions to determine whether the program has achieved its stated goals. A major program enhancement had a negative impact across small beneficiaries, but countries with large manufacturing sectors were able to expand preferential export shares with negligible increases in total exports relative to GDP. Additional evidence supports the view that tariff preferences did not promote economic development in CBERA-eligible countries. Greater utilization of CBERA trade provisions will require expanding coverage to include all products of export interest to beneficiaries and reducing costs associated with administrative regulations and rules of origin.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Clark, D. P., "Trade versus aid : Distribution of third world development assistance" 39 : 829-837, 1991

2 Frazer, G., "Trade growth under the African Growth and Opportunity Act" 92 : 128-144, 2010

3 Schoepfle, G. W., "Trade and employment effects of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act" US Department of Labor 1985

4 Brenton, P., "The initial and potential impact of preferential access to the U.S. market under the African Growth and Opportunity Act" World Bank Research 2004

5 Sawyer, W. C., "The impact of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act on Caribbean Nations’ exports and development : A comment on Pelzman and Schoepfle’s estimates" 38 : 845-849, 1990

6 Pelzman, J., "The impact of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act on Caribbean Nations’ exports and development" 36 : 753-791, 1988

7 Herz, B., "The dark side of the Generalized System of Preferences" 19 : 763-775, 2011

8 Rousslang, D., "The benefits to Caribbean Basin countries from the U. S. CBI tariff elimination" 6 : 513-530, 1984

9 Blanchard, E., "The U.S. Generalized System of Preferences in principle and practice" 2013

10 Cuyvers, L., "The Impact of the EU Generalized System of Preferences on exports and GSP utilization by Asian and Latin American countries" 12 : 80-97, 2013

11 US International Trade Commission, "The Impact of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, sixteenth report, 2001–2002" USITC 2003

12 US International Trade Commission, "The Impact of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act, fifteenth report, 1999–2000" USITC 2001

13 MacPhee, C. R., "The Asymmetric effects of reversible tariff changes under the United States GSP" 56 : 105-125, 1989

14 Chenery, H. B., "Structural change and development policy" Oxford University Press 1979

15 Arellano, M., "Some tests of specification for panel data : Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations" 58 : 277-297, 1991

16 US International Trade Commission, "Report on the impact of the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act on U.S. industries and consumers, seventh report, 1991" USITC 1992

17 Clark, D. P., "Regulation of international trade : the United States’ Generalized System of Preferences Scheme" 123 : 691-704, 1987

18 Clark, D. P., "Regulation of international trade : the United States’ Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act" 27 : 75-82, 1989

19 Manchin, M., "Preference utilization and tariff reduction in EU imports from ACP countries" 29 : 1243-1266, 2006

20 Clark, D. P., "Non-tariff measures and industrial nation imports of GSP-eligible products" 59 : 283-293, 1992

21 Clark, D. P., "Non-tariff measures and United States’ imports of CBERA-eligible products" 31 : 214-224, 1994

22 Clark, D. P., "Measurement of trade concentration under the United States’ Caribbean Basin Initiative" 17 : 861-865, 1989

23 Brenton, P., "Making EU trade agreements work : the role of rules of origin" 26 : 755-769, 2003

24 Baldwin, R. E., "MFN tariff reductions and developing country trade benefits under the GDP" 87 : 30-46, 1977

25 Feinberg, R. E., "From gunboats to diplomacy: New U.S. policies for Latin America" Johns Hopkins University Press 210-227, 1984

26 Hakobyan, S., "Export competitiveness of developing countries and U.S. trade policy" Department of Economics, University of Virginia 2011

27 Papke L. E., "Econometric methods for fractional response variables with an application to 401(k)plan participation rates" 11 : 619-632, 1996

28 Wooldridge, J. M., "Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data" MIT Press 2002

29 DeVault, J., "Competitive need limits and the US Generalized System of Preferences" 14 : 58-66, 1996

30 Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, "Caribbean trade and integration : Trends and future prospects. Santiago" ECLAC 2010

31 US International Trade Commission, "Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act: Impact on U.S. industries and consumers, tenth report, 1994" USITC 1995

32 US International Trade Commission, "Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act: Impact on U.S. industries and consumers and on beneficiary countries, twentieth report, 2009–10" USITC 2011

33 Sawyer, W. C., "Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act : export expansion effects" 18 : 429-436, 1984

34 Clark, D. P., "A diffusion model of the process of implementing the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act" 35 : 186-195, 1997