The lack of housing sites and the increase of population in urban areas can be solved through the use of hybrid building structures such as commercial and residential buildings and officials. This type of buildings also provide a solution for the traf...
The lack of housing sites and the increase of population in urban areas can be solved through the use of hybrid building structures such as commercial and residential buildings and officials. This type of buildings also provide a solution for the traffic jam, the lack of parking space, the redevelopment of urban areas and the need of the improvement of living environment from the point of architectural planning. Therefore, many hybrid building structures have already been constructed in urban area and also the number of these structures will increase in the future. The parking space offered through the use of open space under the high-rise apartment building structures, or the basement with frame structures was enabled by the adoption of hybrid structures(upper shear walls + lower frame). However, the special structural layout of such a hybrid structure has some problems to be solved for the application of the regulation on the earthquake-resistant design and analysis techniques. The conventional design practice for hybrid structures has no sound reasoning for the adopted design rule. The objective of this research is to develop the proper technique of design, analysis and detailing for hybrid structures and to provide the guides on the structural design, reinforcement detailing and construction through the experiment. The strut-tie model approach has proven to be useful for the design and detailing of disturbed regions of structural concrete. However, for the practical application of the approach to the analysis and design of structural concrete, it must be settled beforehand that the problems in the determination of effective strength of concrete strut, verification of nodal zone strength, and development of the practical application tool for the strut-tie model approach. In the present study, the methods for developing a strut-tie model for structural concrete, determining the effective strengths of concrete struts, and dimensioning of the selected strut-tie model which includes the verification process of nodal zone strength are proposed. To verify the validity of the strut-tie model approach with the proposed methods, the behavior and strength of two shear wall-transfer girders tested to failure are evaluated. Design of two shear wall-transfer girder is conducted to illustrate the procedure and details of the strut-tie model approach with the proposed methods. From the illustrated analyses and designs, it is concluded that, although the current strut-tie model approach with the proposed methods seem to be a little bit complicated for engineers to practice, the strut-tie model approach can provide simple solutions for a large number of analysis and design situations dealing with structural concretes including shear wall-transfer girders which appear to be rather complicated. Concludingly this report provides the guide of design and analysis of transfer girder in which the beam theory is not applicable and the guide of the practicing engineering in the field of construction and planning.