『 삼국사기 』 에 있어서 신라의 화랑도 , 그 정신과 교육 = The Hwarangdo , Its Spirit and Education of Ancient Silla in History of Three Kingdoms

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper I will focus on the critical examinaton of the hwarangdo(the hwarang corps: 花郞徒), its spirit(the hwarang corps` tao: 花郞道) and education of ancient Silla in Samgug-Sagi(History of Three Kingdoms). In Silla(新羅), there was a particular informal educatinal institution, or the hwarang corps. The hwarang`s origins may trace to a primary tribal manhood ceremony that can`t be known when it was first initiated. The hwarang corps consists of triple menbers: Each hwarang(花郞) led dojung(徒衆) whose numbers purportedly went as high as one thousand men, but the rango(郞徒) was boys under hwarang`s instruction. The virtues of hwarang corps would be developed from four precepts: filial piety, civility, loyalty, and good faith(孝悌忠信) which are inherited from the time when the hwarang was established, to five precepts: loyalty, finial piety, good faith, courage, and benevolence(忠孝信勇仁) for secular life given two younger men by Buddhist monk Wn`gwang(圓光:d. 640) upon his return from Sui(隋) China. The education of the hwarang corps could be divided into their own private home education including royal/noble childhood education and the hwarang corps` youth education. The former was an primary education that the sons of Silla elite called at their teacher`s home and learned some basic Confucian texts and poetry etc, the other was a higher education for rulers and warriors through training of morality and chivalry. Kim, daemun(金大問) noted: Sagacious councillors and loyal ministers follow hwarang institution. Good generals and brave soldiers are produced by reason of the hwarang institution. Owing to this institution, the weakest and latest developed Silla could achieve a triumph in the wars of unification. This Silla`s spirit of reform will have implications for a resolution of our today`s problems. Thus, this can`t be said Korean educational tradition and philosophy.