Like most early English novels, Robinson Crusoe is a hybrid narrative with heterogenous elements like spiritual autobiography, colonial fiction, or adventure story. In this essay I read Robinson Crusoe as a novel of double rhythm where both Christian ...
Like most early English novels, Robinson Crusoe is a hybrid narrative with heterogenous elements like spiritual autobiography, colonial fiction, or adventure story. In this essay I read Robinson Crusoe as a novel of double rhythm where both Christian God of Providence and Spinoza’s “God, or Nature” (Deus Sive Natura) play out their singular roles. Double rhythm in Robinson Crusoe is notable particularly in the context of recent environmental crisis such as the COVID 19 or Climate Change. Nature, or Spinoza’s God, exists in the novel silently yet tenaciously working as an inexhaustible and tolerant underlying potential that embraces a domineering modern man who thinks that he “conquers” nature. In other words, Spinoza’s thought of “the univocity of being” along with his immanent concept of God underlies and permeates into Nature in Robinson Crusoe while providential and anthropomorphic God looms in Robinson’s spiritual journey and his colonial self as well. Moreover, the double rhythm of the text is also found in the meaning of Robinson’s labor in the desert island. On the one hand, Robinson’s work is seen as an epitome of the ethics of labor in Protestantism associated with the spirit of capitalism. On the other hand, it could be interpreted as an instance of the Spinozist ontology of power (potentia). Following his conatus, Robinson survives through his labor and production with the consequent increase in his power of “action” and “understanding”; he not only improves in his surroundings but acquires Spinozist common notions that sometimes lead him into a glimpse of univocity of being.