Genetic Structure in Wild Populations of Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in Korea and Japan

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We investigated the genetic structure of Korean and Japanese ayu Plecoglossus altivelis populations by examining 669 individuals from 14 populations using three microsatellite loci. Genetic variation did not differ significantly among the populations examined in terms of allelic number and heterozygosity. Korean populations were genetically close to each other, implying that persistent gene flow has occurred in these populations. This suggests that eastern populations in Korea form a single large population and all of the Korean populations are distinct from the Japanese populations. Pairwise population F_(ST) estimates, principal component analyses, and a neighbor-joining tree showed that genetic separation between the southern and pooled eastern coast populations was probably influenced by restricted gene flow. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a weak but significant genetic structure among three ayu groups (eastern and southern coasts of Korea and the Japan coast), and no genetic variation within groups. The estimated genetic population structure and potential applications of microsatellite markers may aid in the proper management of ayu populations.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Nishida M, "Substantial genetic differentiation in ayu,Plecoglossus altivelis of the Japan and Ryukyu Islands" 51 : 1269-1274, 1985

2 Ryman N, "Protection of intraspecific biodiversity of exploited fishes" 5 : 417-446, 1995

3 Felsenstein J, "PHYLIP(Phylogeny Interference Package),Version 3.5c"

4 Goudet J, "PCAGEN,Version 1.2"

5 Takagi M, "Microsatellite DNA polymorphism to reveal genetic divergence in ayu,Plecoglossus altivelis" 65 : 507-512, 1999

6 Van Oosterhout C, "MICRO-CHECKER:software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data" 4 : 535-538, 2004

7 Park LK, "Low levels of intraspecific variation in the mitochondrial DNA of chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta)" 2 : 362-370, 1993

8 Takagi M, "Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from red sea bream Pagrus major and detection in closely related species" 63 : 199-204, 1997

9 Iguchi K, "Genetic variation and geographic population structure of amphidromous ayu Plecoglossus altivelis as examined by mitochondrial DNA sequencing" 65 : 63-67, 1999

10 Ikeda M, "Genetic variation and divergence in populations of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis,including endangered subspecies,inferred from PCR-RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region" 68 : 18-26, 2002

11 Taniguchi N, "Genetic variability and differentiation of amphidromous,landlocked,and hatchery populations of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis" 49 : 1655-1663, 1983

12 Seki S, "Genetic divergence among natural populations of ayu from Japan and Korea" 54 : 559-568, 1988

13 Seki S, "Genetic divergence among local populations of ayu,Plecoglossus altivelis in southwestern Japan" 7 : 39-48, 1985

14 Hyon-SobHan, "Genetic Variations of Natural and Hatchery Populations of Korean Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) by Isozyme Markers" 한국양식학회 16 (16): 69-75, 2003

15 Raymond M, "GENEPOP(version 1.2):population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism" 86 : 248-249, 1995

16 Goudet J, "FSTAT,A Program to Estimate and Test Gene Diversities and Fixation Indices(Version 2.9.3)"

17 Weir BS, "Estimating F-statistics for analysis of population structure" 38 : 1358-1370, 1984

18 Sawashi Y, "Distribution and genetic characteristics of the ayu on islands in the Tsushima Current area" 45 : 87-99, 1998

19 Hutchison DW, "Correlation of pairwise genetic and geographic distance measures:inferring the relative influences of gene flow and drift on the distribution of genetic variability" 53 : 1898-1914, 1999

20 Frankel OH, "Conservation and Evolution" Cambridge University Press 1981

21 Excoffier L, "Arlequin(version 3.0):an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis" 1 : 47-50, 2005

22 Taggart JB, "A simplified protocol for routine total DNA isolation from salmonid fishes" 40 : 963-965, 1992

23 Slatkin M, "A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies" 139 : 457-462, 1995