부하 변동성이 전력계통 주파수에 미치는 영향 분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The generation controlled by AGC(Automatic Generation Control) must follow the demand loads in the power system. Any mismatch between the generation and the demand causes the system frequency to deviate from its scheduled value. For proper operation, the frequency must be within the permissible limits. In order to keep the frequency within limits, additional control equipments are required for providing a frequency regulation reserve as an ancillary service to ensure the system security. The equipments for the frequency regulation reserve increase the cost of the power system. Therefore the variable load on the power system increases the cost of the electrical energy production.
The variable loads have similar patterns for hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly periods, but patterns may become more random due to fluctuating demand loads of industry and increasing environmental effects and human behavior. The smaller number of demand loads have a noisy cyclic complex curve while the larger number of loads have a fairly smooth curve. However, the fluctuation
of the total demand load in power system depends on that of individual loads combination.
Therefore, it is important to identify the individual loads which causes the fluctuation and then charge them reasonable and fair accordingly.
This paper proposes a method that allocate the ancillary service costs to individual customers with load fluctuations which results in effects on the system frequency deviation. The method use the PI(Payment Index) that includes contract capacity, load factor, TOU(Time of Use) rates, rate of individual load fluctuation.
The calculation of load fluctuation magnitude is based on sliding window of the load time series and the variation with respect to the reference load. Several statistical analyses are involved to analyse the load features such as FFT(Fast Fourier Transform), moving average method, and the standard deviation of the normal distribution of load noise.
In addition, the implementation of the proposed method is discussed with analyses on the impact of load fluctuation to power system frequency depending on the demand capacity. To simulate the frequency characteristic of the power system, an AGC program which has the various governor model, simple ESS model, and the function for LFC(Load Frequency Control) and EDC(Economic Dispatch Control) with several areas was developed.
The paper is also discussed with the compensation equipment to mitigate the system frequency deviation; ESS(Energy Storage System), pump storage hydro generator, customer’s generator and plant process adjustment.
Maximum demand of customers is defined as the maximum amount of power consumed in one contiguous time interval during the time period of interest. Generally, the demand interval is 15-minutes. The paper deals with the effects of the maximum demand control of the customer by varying time intervals and metering methods, such as the RDM(Rolling Demand Method) and conventional BDM(Block Demand Method), on the load fluctuation magnitude.
This paper analyse the frequency characteristic using the EMS (Energy Management System) real-time data when power system with the steel mill and steel making customers three kinds of capacity; individual capacity, group capacity, total capacity. In addition, the recovery effect of the frequency deviation is analyzed by applying the
compensation equipments. The result show the frequency deviation under individual capacity is bigger than that of total capacity. In addition, the effect of the compensation equipment is analyzed. The frequency deviation is recovered within 1-minute on using the ESS, 5-minutes on using the pump storage hydro generator, and 10-minutes
on using the customer’s generator respectively.
If the ancillary service cost for the frequency regulation reserve is allocated to individual customers, the load fluctuation of individual customers and the operating reserve of power system can be reduced.
Therefore, the energy efficiency of power system can be increased.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 ·····························································································1
• 1.1 연구의 필요성 ·······························································································1
• 1.2 연구동향 ·········································································································4
• 1.3 연구의 목적 및 내용 ···················································································8
• 제 2 장 대규모 수용가의 부하패턴 및 변동성 분석 ···················· 10
• 2.1 대규모 수용가 현황 및 부하패턴 분석 ·················································10
• 2.2 부하 변동성 분석 방법·············································································20
• 2.3 제철・제강 수용가의 부하 변동성 분석 ···············································30
• 제 3 장 부하 변동성이 전력계통 주파수에 미치는 영향 분석 · 47
• 3.1 전력・주파수 제어 및 특성 ·····································································48
• 3.2 AGC 프로그램 개발 ··················································································57
• 3.3 사례연구 ·······································································································75
• 3.4 영향 분석결과 ···························································································112
• 제 4 장 부하 변동성 완화방안 및 보조서비스 비용 산정 ······· 116
• 4.1 보상설비를 이용한 대책방안 ·································································116
• 4.2 부하 변동성을 고려한 전력량 검침 방안···········································134
• 4.3 보조서비스 비용할당 방안 ·····································································143
• 제 5 장 결 론 ·························································································153
• 5.1 연구내용 및 결과·····················································································153
• 5.2 기대효과 ·····································································································156
• 참고문헌···································································································· 158
• 요 지 ··········································································································167

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