성인애착이 도움추구 의도에 미치는 영향 -자기노출, 사회적 지지, 자기은폐 매개변인을 중심으로 = The Effect of Adult Attachment on The Help Seeking Intention

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 성인애착이 도움추구 의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 성인애착의 질적 특성인 애착불안, 애착회피의 도움추구 의도에 대한 직접적인 영향과, 성인애착과 도움추구 의도 사이의 매개변인을 통한 간접적인 영향을 탐색하는 연구모형을 설정하였다. 잠재적인 매개변인으로는 자기노출, 지각된 사회적 지지, 자기 은폐, 심리적 불편감을 설정하였다. 대학생 427명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구모형에 대해 양호한 적합도를 보여, 본 연구모형이 변인들간의 관계를 잘 설명하고 있음을 확인하였다. 모형수정을 통해 최적의 모형을 도출하였다. 성인애착은 도움추구 의도에 직접적인 영향과 간접적인 영향을 미쳤다. 직접적인 영향을 살펴보면, 애착불안은 도움추구 의도에 정적 영향을 미쳤으며 애착회피는 부적 영향을 미쳤다. 잠재적인 매개변인들의 효과를 살펴보면 애착불안과 애착회피의 심리적 불편감에 대한 직접적인 영향은 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 자기노출, 지각된 사회적 지지, 자기은폐가 매개하여 심리적 불편감에 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 이러한 심리적 불편감은 도움추구 의도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of adult attachment on the help-seeking behavior. It was established the study modeling which shows the direct effect of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance as the qualitative features of adult attachment, and the indirect effect of them by creating the mediate variables which can mediate adult attachment and help-seeking behavior. The potential mediate variables are the followings; self-disclosure, perceived social support, self- concealment and psychological distress. The questionnaire has carried out for 427 college students. After exploring the fitness about the study modeling through a structural equation modeling approach, it presented that the study modeling could fully explain the data, showing a good fitness. Adult attachment has influenced on help-seeking behavior in the direct and indirect way. Looking on the side of direct effect, attachment anxiety has a positive effect on help-seeking behavior, whereas attachment avoidance has a negative influence on it. People having attachment anxiety have pursued the professional help-seeking hehavior, while people having attachment avoidance have refused it. Examining the effect of potential mediate variables, it could assume that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance influenced on help-seeking behavior through psychological distress, but they had no direct effect on psychological distress. Self-disclosure, perceived social support and self-concealment, however, had an effect on psychological distress.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김성현, "친밀관계 경험 검사 개정판 타당화 연구: 확증적 요인분석과 문항반응 이론을 중심으로" 서울대학교 대학원 2004

2 유성경, "집단주의-개인주의 성향과 상담에 대한 태도와의 관계" 12 (12): 19-32, 2000

3 보건복지부, "정신질환 실태 역학 조사" 국립서울정신병원 2001

4 조성진, "정신요양 및 부랑인 시설 입소자의 정신질환 유형별 분포 및 의료추구행위" 서울대학교 대학원 2004

5 신연희, "전문적 도움 추구 행동에서 접근요인과 회피요인의 상대적 중요성 고찰" 한국상담심리학회 17 (17): 177-195, 2005

6 김주미, "전문적 도움 추구 행동에 영향을 미치는 심리적, 문화적 요인" 한국상담심리학회 14 (14): 991-1002, 2002

7 윤충한, "의료 추구행동에 대한 태도조사" 30 : 1091-1110, 1991

8 임수진, "성인애착과 사회적지지,자아 존중감의 관계" 전남대학교 학생생활연구 2003

9 Brinson, J. A, "minorities' underutilization of counseling centers' mental health services: A case for outreach and consultation" 17 : 371-385, 1995

10 Collins,N.L, "Working models of attachment: Implications for explanation, emotion, and behavior" 71 : 810-832, 1996

11 Hinson, J. A, "Willingness to seek help as a function fo self-disclosure and problem severity" 71 : 446-470, 1993

12 Vogel, D. L, "To seek help or not to seek help: The risks of self-disclosure" 50 : 351-361, 2003

13 Bartone, P. T, "The impact of a military air disaster on the health of assistance workers" 177 : 317-328, 1989

14 Sarason, I. G, "Social support and interactional processes: A triadic hypothesis" 7 : 495-506, 1990

15 Andrews, G, "Shortfall in mental health service utilization" 179 : 417-425, 2001

16 Brennan, K. A, "Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview in Attachment theory and close relationship" Guilford Press 46-76, 1998

17 Kelly, A. E., "Self-concealment and attitudes toward counseling in university students" 42 : 40-46, 1995

18 Cepeda-Benito, A, "Self- concealment, avoidance of psychological services, and perceived likelihood of seeking professional help" 45 : 58-64, 1998

19 Larson, D. G, "Self- concealment Conceptualization, measurement, and health implications" 9 : 439-455, 1990

20 Cramer,K.M, "Psychological antecedents to help-seeking behavior: A reanalysis using path modeling structures" 46 : 381-387, 1999

21 Kahn, J. H, "Measuring the tendency to conceal versus disclose psychological distress" 20 : 41-65, 2001

22 Lopez, F. G., "Internal working models, self-reported problems, and help-seeking attitudes among college students" 45 : 79-83, 1998

23 Powell, G. N., "Factors that influence professional employees' willingness to week counseling" 77 : 872-874, 1995

24 Vaux,A, "Factor structure of the Network Orientation Scale" 57 : 1181-1182, 1985

25 Florian, V, "Effect of adult attachment style on the perception and search for social support" 129 : 665-676, 1995

26 Coble, H. M, "Attachment, social competency, and the capacity to use social support in Handbook of social support and the family" Plenum Press 141-172, 1996

27 Mikulincer, M., "Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies" 27 : 77-102, 2003

28 Buren, A. V, "Attachment styles, view of self and negative affect" 4 : 417-430, 2002

29 Bartholomew, K, "Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model" 61 : 226-224, 1991

30 Feeney, V, "Attachment style and affect regulation: Relationship with health behavior and family experiences of illness in a student sample" 13 : 334-345, 1994

31 Dozier,M, "Attachment organization and treatment use for adult with serious psychopathological disorders" 2 : 47-60, 1990

32 Kobak, R. R, "Attachment in marriage: Effects of security and accuracy of working models" 60 (60): 861-869, 1991

33 Larose, S, "Arrachment style dimensions, network orientation and the process of seeking help form college teachers" 16 : 225-247, 1999

34 Cassidy,J, "Adult romantic attachments: A development perspective on individual differences" 4 : 111-131, 2000

35 Wei, M, "Adult attachment, social self-efficacy, self- disclosure, lonelinees, and subsequent depression for freshman college students: A longitidinal study" 52 : 602-61, 2005

36 Vogel, D. L, "Adult attachment and help-seeking intent: The mediating roles of psychological distress and perceived social support" 52 : 347-357, 2005

37 Lopez, F. G, "Adult attachment and college student distress: Test of a mediational model" 49 : 460-467, 2002

38 Bowlby,J, "A secure base" Basic Books 1988