1884년 ‘최약국명안’(崔藥局命案)의 재구성

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A tragedy occurred in the Choi’s drugstore located in Hanseong Jongro a little past 10pm, January 2, 1884. After the scuffle during purchasing Cheongsimhwan, three men who are suspected Chinese soldiers killed the storekeeper with a gun and stabbed his son with a knife after shooting. In the following morning, the father and the son’s destinies split. The owner survived dramatically, but his son passed away. The decapitation of the three escaped assailants was reported by Hanseongsunbo on January 11. It was a devastating incident, but it looked like this case had been closed.
However, this murder case developed to a serious slip of the pen. The one who led it was Chen Shutang of the Qing dynasty. Chen Shutang sent an inquiry to the authority of the Joseon dynasty in order to ask grounds proving that the three decapitated Chinese soldiers were the assailants. The authority admitted a mistake. In late March, Chen Shutang prepared two notifications and intensively sent official documents and letters to the authority of the Joseon dynasty and government officials of the Qing dynasty. Especially, Chen Shutang asked two official documents to Li Hongzhang. The documents were a diplomatic document for the King of Joseon and a letter of order for Yuan Shikai. The diplomatic document was to put pressure on Joseon and the letter of order was a firm security to encourage Yuan Shikai who was passive for cooperation. Li Hongzhang’s move was cautious. He sent a letter of order but refused to send an diplomatic document. Meanwhile, the authority of Joseon showed its good faith to the inquiry from Chen Shutang. The authority proclaimed the two notifications in major cities and printed them on Hanseongsunbo. Inoue Kakugoro resigned from Hanseongsunbo and returned to his country. Since the Qing dynasty showed its strong intention, some concessions were unavoidable. It was the end of the serious slip of the pen.
Even though this incident was closed, its aftereffect was serious. Chen Shutang started to find an alternatives after the court hearing as an advisory letter was foundered. Yuan Shikai should take a positive attitude since he received a letter of order from Li Hongzhang. These two guys" common solution was a court hearing. They summoned all concerned and held a court hearing which is jointly held by the authorities of both countries. In the meantime, two people had an elaborate prior consultation. At this time, the initiative of discussion was passed over to Yuan Shikai. It was totally different from the serious slip of the pen. On May 17, the court hearing was held. Chen Shutang who was inexperienced in legal principles was completely defeated. The statements of people concerned were euphemistic, but they sticked to their original opinion that assailants looked like Chinese soldiers. An exit strategy was necessary. Yuan Shikai finally came up with an option. He suggested to make it an unsolved case. However, Chen Shutang couldn’t give it up. He suggested a solution of the court hearing again with professional manpower, but Yuan Shi-kai coldly rejected it. Chen Shutang had no choice but to accept it. They reported it to Li Hongzhang under their names and received a endorsement. For the record, this case was closed as an unsolved case permanently. The six-month diplomatic issue of Korea and China was finally closed.
One of important aspects of the murder case in the Choi"s drugstore is that the representative of Qing changed after the case developed to a diplomatic issue between Korea and China. Assuming the execution of three suspects as the first stage, the serious slip of the pen as the second stage and the court hearing and afters as the third stage, the serious diplomatic argue started from the second stage. The main hero of the second stage and the third stage was Chen Shutang and Yuan Shikai, respectively. Chen Shutang grew the aftereffects of the case as it seemed like an obsession, but the end was vain. Th

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 명안(命案)의 발생
• Ⅲ. 필화로의 전화
• Ⅳ. 회심(會審) 강행과 현안(懸案) 낙착
• Ⅴ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 송규진, "근대시기 한중관계의 변화과정" 호서사학회 (68) : 197-228, 2013

2 김희신, "근대 한중관계의 변화와 외교당안의 생성 ― ｢淸季駐韓使館保存檔｣을 중심으로 ―" 중국근현대사학회 (50) : 35-73, 2011

3 "高宗時代史 제2집"

4 최준, "韓國新聞史論考" 일조각 1976

5 최준, "韓國新聞史" 일조각 1960

6 정태섭·한성민, "開港 후(1882~1894) 淸國의 治外法權 행사와 朝鮮의 대응" 한국근현대사학회 (43) : 7-35, 2007

7 田保橋潔, "近代日鮮關係の硏究 上卷" 朝鮮總督府中樞院 1940

8 林明德, "袁世凱與朝鮮" 中央硏究院近代史硏究所 1970

9 "舊韓國外交文書 제8권(=淸案 (1))"

10 "統理交涉通商衙門日記(=統署日記)"

11 井上角五郞, "漢城逎殘夢" 亞細亞文化社 1984

12 "漢城旬報"

13 權赫秀, "樹棠在朝鮮的商務領事活動與近代中朝關係" 2006 (2006): 2006

14 이양자, "朝鮮에서의 袁世凱" 신지서원 2002

15 藤岡喜久男, "朝鮮時代の袁世凱" 52 (52): 1970

16 淸季駐韓使館檔案, "朝漢城藥局崔宅英命案辦理卷 (1)·(2)"

17 윤치호, "尹致昊日記 권1" 국사편찬위원회 1973

18 權赫秀, "19世紀末 韓中關係史硏究" 백산자료원 2000

19 권인용, "1884년 ‘崔藥局命案’의 解體와 再編 -田保橋潔의 연구에 대한 비판적 검토를 중심으로 -" 역사연구소 (80) : 285-320, 2013

20 박정현, "1882~1894년 조선인과 중국인의 갈등 해결방식을 통해 본 한중관계" 중국근현대사학회 (45) : 1-20, 2010