만주어 동사 어간과 동사 어미의 결합 양상 — 『滿文老檔』 태조편 형태 주석 코퍼스를 대상으로 — = The patterns of combination between Manchu verb stems and verbal endings

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study quantitatively examined the combinations of high-frequency verb stems and verb endings in the Manwen Laodang Taidzu and revealed that certain verb stems tend to combine preferentially with specific verbal endings. The tendency of particular verb stems to prefer certain endings or inflectional forms has already been pointed out in aspect-related studies and in Choi (2015). Do & Jung (2022) also highlighted the skewed distribution in the combinations of verb stems and converbal endings. In the annotated corpus of Manwen Laodang Taidzu, 22 verb stems appeared with a frequency of over 400 instances. This study analyzed the concentration levels of the combinations between these verb stems and endings. The results show that combinations with a concentration level of 20 or higher account for only about 10% of the total, and the higher the distributional concentration level, the more consistent the patterns found in verb stem ending combinations. In particular, accomplishment and achievement verbs show a clear preference for endings such as -HA and -fi. Activity verbs also tend to combine frequently with -rA and -me, which indicate progressive aspect. In the case of stative verbs, the perfective ending -HA often appears to signal the current state, resulting in high concentration levels. Combinations that are not directly related to aspect often occur due to grammatical requirements or conventionalized expressions. In conclusion, the study confirms that Manchu exhibits a strong preference for certain verb stem inflection combinations, a phenomenon that aligns with cross-linguistic tendencies observed in many languages.