선화증권 상의 Retla 약관의 유효성에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Validity of the Retla Clauses in Bills of Lading

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this article, I have reviewed the validity of the Retla Clauses in bills of lading. In Tokio Marine(1970), US courts have permitted carriers to include Retla Clauses in their bills of lading that essentially disclaim all responsibility for the required statement. Simon J in The Saga Explorer(2012) disagreed with the decision of no representation in Tokio Marine and held that the statement with the Retla Clauses made on the bills of lading as to the cargo's apparent condition was a fraudulent misrepresentation. Simon J also requested a strong carriers' honest conduct. However, because the shippers always request the clean bill of lading for trade purpose and never call for a substitute bill of lading showing the true condition of goods, carriers will inevitably continue to clause bills of lading if they have no other better way of protecting themselves in the situation of Tokio Marine or The Saga Explorer. For the present, the decision of misrepresentation in The Saga Explorer might be helpless to change the position of the assignees of the bills of lading. And it seems that the debate on the validity of the Retla Clauses in bills of lading will be continued for the time being. In these circumstances, if the buyers hope to void the potential dispute, they may have a special agreement in the sale of goods contract, for example, requiring a pre-shipment inspection of the goods so as to know the actual condition of the goods on shipment.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. Retla 약관의 의의
• Ⅲ. Tokio Marine 사건과 본 건에 대한 비판
• Ⅳ. The Saga Explorer 사건의 개요와 평가
• Ⅴ. Retla 약관의 유효성 문제
• Ⅵ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• ABSTRACT

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이영수, "훼손화물보상장의 효력에 관한 일고찰" 경북대학교 (15) : 1987

2 경익수, "해상운송인의 손해배상책임에 관한 연구-선화증권상의 면책약관을 중심으로-" 연세대학교 출판부 1992

3 박세운, "선하증권 인쇄약관에 관한 연구" 한국무역상무학회 49 : 359-378, 2011

4 이균성, "국제해상운송법연구" 삼영사 1984

5 최명국, "국제운송에 있어서의 히말라야 조항에 관한 연구" 한국무역학회 37 (37): 235-255, 2012

6 강영문, "국제운송규칙의 변화와 선하증권의 면책약관에 관한 연구" 한국무역상무학회 31 (31): 59-78, 2006

7 田中誠二, "海商法詳論" 勁草書房 1970

8 姜秉昌, "海上運送契約에서 船貨證券 離路條項의 有效性에 관한 考察" 한국무역상무학회 18 : 5-158, 2002

9 Eder, B., "Scrutton on Charterparties and Bills of Lading" Sweet and Maxwell 2011

10 Zhao, Liang, "Retla Clause in Bills of Lading: The Saga Explorer" (Part 4) : 2013

11 Tetley, William, "Marine Cargo Claims" Carswell 2008

12 Treitel, G., "Carver on Bills of Lading" Steven & Sons

13 Ivamy, Hardy, E.R., "Carriage of Goods by Sea" Butterworths 1989

14 Sturley, Michael F., "Carriage of Goods by Sea" 31 (31): 2000

15 Aikens, R., "Bills of Lading" 2006