패널 회귀모형을 통한 개도국의 무역개방도와 경제요인이 탄소배출, 에너지 사용에 미치는 영향

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study investigates the impact of trade openness and economic growth on carbon emissions and energy consumption in the top five carbon-emitting developing countries (China, India, Russia, Iran, and Indonesia). With annual data from 1970 to 2021, an empirical analysis was conducted, including unit root tests to validate the data. Furthermore, F-test, Breusch-Pagan (LM) test, and Hausman test results confirmed that the fixed-effects model was appropriate for the analysis. The findings suggest that trade openness, GDP, and industrial share significantly influence carbon emissions and energy consumption. Based on these results, the study highlights the need for strategic policies to harmonize economic growth with environmental protection, enhance international cooperation, and facilitate green technology transfer. Future research should focus on analyzing the long-term effects of each variable to provide a more in-depth understanding of how economic factors and trade activities influence the environment.