아프리카 가면의 조형미와 상징성 = Symbolism and Aesthetics of African Masks

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The African imagination reaches its climax in the mask dance. Out of a collaboration of carvers, costume makers, specialist in ritual, musicians and dancers a gesamtkunstwerk emerges whose complex structure of ritually defined choreography, noises, rhythms and music achieve a considerable degree of fantasy and intensity. In the old masquerade traditions, the urgency of each dancer's performance derived from the conviction. "I am not myself," It was not he(r) who danced: (S)he was danced. A being or spirit entered his/her body, thus assuming outward form and communication in the physical embodiment with the circle of living and visible onlookers.
Many standard texts on African masks from the early twentieth century raise their character as objects to an absolute. In fact, it was primarily art historians like Carl Einstein or art dealers who wrote on African art, arranged exhibitions or contributed loans to them. Almost no references to the appearance of masks in the context of rites or celebrations are found in their writings, and, obviously, dealers in particular would tend to consider the aesthetic autonomy of masks beyond doubt.
It was not until the post-colonial era that observers attempted and became equipped to do justice to the variety of African art making. Academics realize that African masks are not just equipments of ritual performance, but an entity of religion, politics, economy, aesthetics and cultural performance. Furthermore, African masks carry some aspects of cultural creolization, it changes its form and meaning all the time.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가는 글
• Ⅱ. 아프리카 가면의 특성과 분포
• Ⅲ. 아프리카 가면과 상징, 사회적 의미
• Ⅳ. 가나와 남아공의 현대적 가면 문화
• Ⅴ. 나가는 글
• 〈참고문헌〉
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Kalilu, Rom, R. O., "The role of Sculptures in Yoruba Egungun Masquerade" 22 (22): 15-29, 1991

2 Turner, Victor, "The Ritual Process: Structure and anti-structure" Aldine De Gruyter 1969

3 Finley, Carol, "The Art of Africa Masks: exploring cultural traditions" Lerner Publications Company 1999

4 Stepan, Peter, "Spirits Speak: a celebration of African masks" Prestel 2005

5 Peter, Mark, "Ritual and Masking Traditions in Jola men's Initiation" 31 (31): 36-48, 1998

6 van Gennep. Anold, "Rites of Passage" University of Chicago Press 1960

7 Sieber, Roy, "Masks as Agents of Social Control" 5 (5): 8-13, 1962

8 Tonkin, Elizabeth, "Masks and Powers" 14 (14): 237-248, 1979

9 Shack, William, "Masks and Masquerades In: Encyclopedia of Africa: South of the Sahara. vol. 3." 125-129, 1997

10 Ulf Hannerz, "Cultural Complexity: Studies in the Social Organization of Meaning" Columbia University Press 1992

11 Wingert, Paul S., "Anatomical Interpretations in African Masks" 54 : 67-71, 1954