The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs has announced 'Design Guideline in the Multi Housing' for the purpose of 'improving the multi housing scenery' in 2009. This suggests the design standards, including the plan to harmonize with natur...
The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs has announced 'Design Guideline in the Multi Housing' for the purpose of 'improving the multi housing scenery' in 2009. This suggests the design standards, including the plan to harmonize with nature environments and diverse housing plans, in order to improve the ‘scenery’ of residential area. Also, metropolitan council, local communities, development districts as which the department of Land and Housing has designated, and the city of Seoul have been establishing all the design guidelines to improve quantity of the existing monotonous and standardized housing forms. However, such contents or the range of the design guideline differ by subjects, so there is a possibility to cause confusion, and also the effectiveness is being questioned.
This study examines the contents of the design guideline, which is operating domestically, and defines the role. Also, by comparing and contrasting multi housing planning system of Japan which is similar to that of Korea as it would elaborate the characteristics and propose the implications
The analysis on the concept of several domestic and foreign design guidelines shows that design guideline in multi housing is defined as a method of controlling·leading the planning and development process for the purpose of providing a better environment, targeting the multi housings and complexes. It is a guide which suggests principle, standard, and consideration to be applied on the works related to design starting from housing design process to construction stage, and to a greater extent, managing·operating stage. In addition, targeting certain areas, utilizing various subjects, maintaining consistency of the development process and suggesting detailed standards are the characteristics.
Design-control elements which composed the design guidelines of multi housing are divided by spatial hierarchy: urban spatial, housing and architectural planning hierarchy. When comparing domestic cases with Japanese ones, the characteristics are as below. Looking into the urban spatial hierarchy, domestic cases lay emphasis on the uniformity and harmony of the area as a whole and mainly deals with alignment of separate blocks or visual appearance from a distant view. But in Japan, it is more focused on the street space which builds urban frame and architectures to create close-range images. From the housing planning hierarchy, domestic cases prefer arranging the elements of facilities planning and tend to hold neutral value perspective on the concept of space in general. But in Japanese cases, they are detailed-oriented and propose housing space from principle to applying way and propose lots of control elements, especially to the outer space application. As in the architectural planning hierarchy, no elements control architectural shape and form, but guideline, such as case photos, are applied to deliver the concepts in domestic cases. However, there were wide variations according to the size of housings in Japan. While in case of large size housings it proposes architectural principle in detail considering the elevation and cross-section of buildings, no guidelines but only conceptual words are mentioned in small housings.
When comparing the design guidelines from the perspective of composition and management, in Korea, MA/MP group, who makes out the design guidelines, and BA group, who carries them out, are separated from ‘space planning step’ to ‘site planning step’as it proposes the design as well as its characteristics. In Japan, MA group, Advisor group, and BA group maintain their relationships from the beginning of the space planning step until construction step. Also, they maintain the design guidelines or modify·renew some processes when required, while concentrating on design meetings.
Japanese holds distinct design guidelines on certain areas and strongly builds the specific image of the housing from urban spatial hierarchy to architectural planning hierarchy, while Korean has been focused on the connectivity of blocks and the uniformity of the area under the perspective of improving the closed development form Therefore these differences cause guidelines to hold broad and abstract contents.
However due to the diversity of analysis, there are cases which design guidelines become ineffective under screening and examination. Institutional rigidity, such as design competition·TK design, has led the design guidelines to limit on space planning. But currently, district unit plan, derived from design guidelines, has been controlling housing planning and architectural planning elements. Various and concrete studies should take place in order to overcome such problems and maximize the strong point of design guidelines.