Practical applications in sports nutrition

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = xvi
• How to Use This Book = xviii
• About the Authors = xxiii
• Acknowledgments = xxiv
• Section 1 The Basics of Sports Nutrition = 1
• Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports Nutrition = 3
• What is sports nutrition? = 4
• Why study sports nutrition? = 4
• What are the basic nutrients? = 4
• What are carbohydrates? = 5
• What are proteins? = 5
• What are fats? = 5
• What are vitamins? = 5
• What are minerals? = 5
• What is water? = 6
• How does the body produce energy? = 6
• What are the dietary reference intakes? = 6
• What are enriched and fortified foods? = 7
• What are the basic nutrition guidelines? = 7
• What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? = 7
• What is the MyPlate food guidance system? = 9
• How should athletes interpret the information on food labels? = 11
• Who created the food label regulations? = 11
• How can the ingredient list be useful to athletes? = 11
• How can the nutrition facts panel be useful to athletes? = 12
• How can the percent daily value be useful to athletes? = 14
• How can nutrient content claims be useful to athletes? = 15
• How can health claims be useful to athletes? = 16
• What are the factors to consider when developing an individualized sports nutrition plan for athletes? = 17
• Why should a sports nutrition plan consider an athlete's health history? = 18
• Why should a sports nutrition plan consider a sport's bioenergetics and logistics? = 19
• Why should a sports nutrition plan consider an athlete's total weekly training and competition time? = 19
• Why should a sports nutrition plan consider an athlete's living arrangements, access to food, and travel schedule? = 19
• How can sports nutrition knowledge be converted into practical applications? = 20
• Key Points of Chapter = 21
• Study Questions = 21
• References = 22
• Chapter 2 Nutrients: Ingestion to Energy Metabolism = 23
• What happens to nutrients after they are ingested? = 24
• What are the functions of the various parts of the digestive system? = 24
• How are carbohydrates digested, absorbed, transported, and assimilated in the body? = 27
• What happens to carbohydrates once they are put into the mouth? = 27
• How are the simple sugars absorbed into the intestinal wall? = 29
• What happens to carbohydrates once they make it into the blood? = 31
• What happens to carbohydrates once they make it to the cells of the body? = 31
• How are fats digested, absorbed, transported, and assimilated in the body? = 31
• What happens to fats once they are put into the mouth? = 34
• What happens to the fats once they are absorbed? = 34
• What happens to fats once they make it to the cells? = 35
• How are proteins digested, absorbed, transported, and assimilated in the body? = 35
• What happens to proteins once they are put into the mouth? = 35
• How are proteins absorbed into the intestinal wall? = 37
• What happens to amino acids once they make it to the bloodstream? = 38
• What happens to amino acids once they make it to the cells of the body? = 39
• How are minerals, vitamins, and water absorbed and transported in the body? = 40
• What is energy metabolism, and why is it important? = 41
• What is energy? = 41
• What is the human body's source of chemical energy? = 42
• How do cells make ATP? = 44
• What are the three energy systems? = 44
• What are the characteristics of the phosphagen system? = 46
• What are the characteristics of the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems? = 47
• How do the energy systems work together to supply ATP during sport performance? = 47
• What metabolic pathways are involved with the energy systems? = 49
• Key Points of Chapter = 56
• Study Questions = 57
• References = 58
• Chapter 3 Carbohydrates = 59
• What's the big deal about carbohydrates? = 60
• What are carbohydrates? = 60
• How are carbohydrates classified? = 61
• What are simple sugars? = 61
• What are complex carbohydrates? = 63
• Are artificial sweeteners carbohydrates? Are they beneficial or harmful? = 65
• What functions do carbohydrates serve in the body? = 66
• How can carbohydrates affect overall health? = 67
• What role does fiber play in health? = 67
• What role do simple sugars have in health? = 68
• How much carbohydrate should be consumed daily? = 68
• What is the relationship between current body weight and carbohydrate intake? = 69
• How can carbohydrate needs be determined based on a percentage of total calories? = 69
• What impact does the stage of training or competition schedule have on carbohydrate intake? = 70
• What are the various sources of dietary carbohydrates? = 70
• What are the best carbohydrate choices within the grains group? = 71
• What are the best carbohydrate choices within the fruit and vegetable groups? = 71
• What are the best carbohydrate choices within the dairy/alternative group? = 71
• What are the best carbohydrate choices within the protein foods group? = 72
• Can foods containing simple sugars or artificial sweeteners be used as a source of carbohydrates? = 72
• What are the glycemic index and glycemic load, and how can they be used in sports nutrition? = 72
• What is glycemic load? = 73
• How does the glycemic index relate to exercise? = 74
• How are carbohydrates utilized during exercise? = 74
• How much carbohydrate is stored within the body? = 75
• Why are carbohydrates an efficient fuel source? = 76
• Does carbohydrate intake enhance performance? = 76
• Does carbohydrate intake delay fatigue? = 76
• What type, how much, and when should carbohydrates be consumed before exercise? = 77
• What should an athlete eat on the days leading up to an important training session or competition? = 78
• What should an athlete eat in the hours leading up to an important training session or competition? = 78
• What type, how much, and when should carbohydrates be consumed during exercise? = 81
• What types of carbohydrates should be consumed during exercise or sport? = 81
• How much carbohydrate should be consumed during exercise or sport? = 81
• When should carbohydrates be consumed during exercise or sport? = 83
• What type, how much, and when should carbohydrates be consumed after exercise? = 83
• When should carbohydrates be consumed after exercise or sport? = 83
• What type of carbohydrates should be consumed after exercise or sport? = 84
• How much carbohydrate should be consumed after exercise or sport? = 85
• What are some examples of good meals/snacks for after exercising? = 85
• Key Points of Chapter = 86
• Study Questions = 87
• References = 87
• Additional Resources = 90
• Chapter 4 Fats = 91
• What's the big deal about fats? = 92
• What are fats? = 92
• How are lipids (fats) classified? = 92
• What are triglycerides? = 92
• What is the molecular structure of a triglyceride? = 92
• What are some of the functions of triglycerides in the body? = 93
• What are fatty acids? = 94
• What are phospholipids? = 98
• What are sterols? = 99
• Is there such a thing as artificial fats? = 100
• How much fat is recommended in an athlete's diet? = 101
• Can a diet be too low in fat? = 102
• Can a diet be too high in fat? = 102
• Which foods contain fat? = 103
• How much fat is in the grains group? = 103
• How much fat is in the fruit and vegetable groups? = 103
• How much fat is in the dairy/alternative group? = 103
• How much fat is in the protein foods group? = 104
• How much fat is in the oils? = 104
• How can the percentage of calories from fat be calculated for specific foods? = 104
• What's the big deal about cholesterol? = 106
• What is dietary cholesterol, and which foods contain it? = 106
• How is blood cholesterol classified? = 106
• How can fats affect daily training and competitive performance? = 108
• What type, how much, and when should fats be consumed before exercise? = 110
• Is a single high-fat meal prior to exercise beneficial? = 110
• Is a short-term pattern of eating high-fat meals beneficial to exercise performance? = 110
• Is a long-term pattern of eating high-fat meals beneficial to exercise performance? = 110
• What are the recommendations for fat intake prior to exercise? = 111
• What type, how much, and when should fats be consumed during exercise? = 111
• What type, how much, and when should fats be consumed after exercise? = 112
• Key Points of Chapter = 113
• Study Questions = 113
• References = 114
• Additional Resources = 115
• Chapter 5 Proteins = 116
• Why is protein important to athletes? = 117
• What are proteins? = 117
• What is the difference between a "complete"and an "incomplete"protein? = 119
• What are the main functions of proteins in the body? = 121
• What is nitrogen balance? = 123
• How much protein should athletes consume daily? = 123
• How can protein requirements be calculated based on body weight? = 123
• How do various dietary and training factors affect protein recommendations? = 124
• Can too much protein be harmful? = 126
• Which foods contain protein? = 127
• Which foods in the grains group contain protein? = 127
• Which foods in the fruit and vegetable groups contain protein? = 127
• Which foods in the dairy/alternative group contain protein? = 128
• Which foods make up the protein foods group? = 128
• Do foods in the oils and empty calories group contain protein? = 128
• Are protein supplements beneficial? = 129
• What is the quantity of protein or amino acids in the product? Is the supplement necessary? = 129
• What is the cost of protein supplements? = 131
• Will protein supplements enhance performance? = 131
• Are there any risks associated with taking the supplement? = 132
• Why is protein essential for daily training? = 132
• What type, how much, and when should protein be consumed before exercise? = 133
• What type and how much protein should be consumed 4 to 24 hours prior to training or competition? = 134
• What type and how much protein should be consumed 1 to 4 hours prior to training or competition? = 134
• What type, how much, and when should protein be consumed during exercise? = 134
• What type, how much, and when should protein be consumed after exercise? = 135
• Which type of protein or amino acid source is most beneficial to consume after exercise? = 135
• Is there a recovery benefit of combining carbohydrates and proteins after exercise? = 136
• How much protein should be consumed after exercise? = 136
• When should protein or amino acids be consumed after exercise? = 137
• Key Points of Chapter = 138
• Study Questions = 138
• References = 139
• Additional Resources = 140
• Chapter 6 Vitamins = 141
• What's the big deal about vitamins? = 142
• What are vitamins? = 142
• How are the dietary needs for vitamins represented? = 142
• What are the water-soluble vitamins? = 142
• Why is thiamin important to athletes? = 144
• Why is riboflavin important for athletes? = 144
• Why is niacin important for athletes? = 145
• Why is vitamin B6 important for athletes? = 147
• Why is vitamin B12 important for athletes? = 149
• Why is folate important for athletes? = 151
• Why is biotin important for athletes? = 152
• Why is pantothenic acid important for athletes? = 154
• Why is choline important for athletes? = 154
• Why is vitamin C important for athletes? = 156
• What are the fat-soluble vitamins? = 157
• Why is vitamin A important for athletes? = 158
• Why are the carotenoids important for athletes? = 160
• Why is vitamin D important for athletes? = 161
• Why is vitamin E important for athletes? = 164
• Why is vitamin K important for athletes? = 166
• Which vitamins or compounds have antioxidant properties? = 166
• What are free radicals? = 166
• What is the relationship between free radicals and exercise? = 168
• Do athletes need antioxidant supplements? = 168
• What are phytochemicals? = 170
• What are phenolic compounds? = 170
• What are organosulfides? = 171
• What is lycopene? = 171
• How can athletes increase phytochemical consumption through whole foods? = 172
• Key Points of Chapter = 174
• Study Questions = 175
• References = 175
• Additional Resource = 177
• Chapter 7 Minerals = 178
• What's the big deal about minerals? = 179
• What are minerals? = 179
• What are the major minerals? = 179
• Why is calcium important for athletes? = 181
• Why is phosphorus important to athletes? = 183
• Why is magnesium important for athletes? = 184
• Why is sodium important for athletes? = 187
• Why is chloride important for athletes? = 188
• Why is potassium important for athletes? = 188
• Why is sulfur important for athletes? = 190
• What are the trace minerals? = 191
• Why is iron important for athletes? = 191
• Why is zinc important for athletes? = 195
• Why is chromium important for athletes? = 196
• Why is fluoride important for athletes? = 197
• Why is copper important for athletes? = 199
• Why is manganese important for athletes? = 200
• Why is iodine important for athletes? = 201
• Why is molybdenum important for athletes? = 201
• Why is selenium important for athletes? = 202
• Are other trace minerals important for athletes? = 203
• Key Points of Chapter = 206
• Study Questions = 206
• References = 207
• Additional Resources = 209
• Chapter 8 Water = 210
• What's the big deal about water? = 211
• What are the functions of water in the body? = 211
• What are the sources of water? = 212
• What are the ways in which we lose body water? = 213
• What are the consequences of poor water balance? = 214
• Is it possible to overhydrate the body? = 216
• How can hydration status be monitored? = 216
• How much fluid do individuals need on a daily basis? = 218
• What are the current recommendations for daily fluid intake? = 218
• Can certain beverages, foods, or medications contribute to fluid losses? = 219
• What are some practical guidelines for consuming fluids on a daily basis? = 220
• What is the role of preexercise hydration? = 220
• How much fluid should be consumed before exercise? = 220
• What types of fluids should be consumed? = 220
• What are practical guidelines for consuming fluids before exercise? = 222
• What is the role of hydration during exercise? = 222
• What is the magnitude of water and electrolyte losses during exercise? = 222
• How much fluid should be consumed during exercise? = 223
• What types of fluids should be consumed during exercise? = 225
• What are some practical guidelines for consuming fluids during exercise? = 230
• What is the role of postexercise hydration? = 233
• How much fluid should be consumed? = 233
• What types of fluids should be consumed? = 233
• Are supplements beneficial after exercise? = 234
• What are some practical guidelines for consuming fluids after exercise? = 235
• Key Points of Chapter = 236
• Study Questions = 236
• References = 237
• Chapter 9 Nutritional Ergogenics = 239
• What is an ergogenic aid? = 240
• What are dietary supplements? = 241
• Why do athletes use dietary supplements? = 241
• What are the regulations governing dietary supplements? = 242
• Are some supplements better or safer than others? = 244
• Where can information on nutritional ergogenic aids be found? = 246
• What tools are available to research information on ergogenic aids? = 246
• What is doping? = 248
• What are some of the commonly encountered doping substances? = 251
• Which nutritional ergogenic aids are commonly used as anabolic agents, prohormones, and hormone releasers? = 251
• Which nutritional ergogenic aids are commonly used to reduce fat mass? = 253
• Which nutritional ergogenic aids are commonly used as anticatabolics? = 253
• Which vitamins and minerals are commonly used as nutritional ergogenic aids? = 254
• What types of dietary supplements and nutritional ergogenics are commonly used by endurance athletes, strength/power athletes, and team sport athletes? = 254
• Key Points of Chapter = 259
• Study Questions = 259
• References = 260
• Section 2 The Practical Application of Sports Nutrition = 261
• Chapter 10 Nutrition Consultation with Athletes = 263
• Why is nutrition consultation and communication with athletes important? = 264
• How much do athletes know about sports nutrition? = 264
• Who provides nutrition assessment and education to athletes? = 265
• How does the consultation process with athletes begin? = 266
• What is a diet history? = 266
• What is a health history questionnaire? = 266
• Why is an inquiry about supplement use important? = 268
• What type of food intake information should be obtained from the athlete? = 268
• How is an exercise/training log used in a nutrition consultation? = 271
• Which clinical assessments should be conducted in the initial consultation session? = 272
• How are food records analyzed? = 273
• How do you compare dietary intake to nutrition recommendations? = 274
• What are the steps for the initial consultation with the athlete? = 277
• How is rapport established with an athlete? = 278
• How can you determine the reasons for a requested consultation? = 278
• How is the nutrition assessment conducted? = 278
• How can an athlete's readiness for change be assessed? = 281
• How can appropriate nutrition goals be established? = 283
• How can appropriate nutrition education be provided to an athlete? = 284
• How should a consultation be summarized and closed? = 285
• What are the steps for a follow-up consultation with the athlete? = 285
• What should walk-in or short sessions with athletes involve? = 286
• Are there any concerns about the confidentiality of the health, nutrition, and exercise information provided by the athlete? = 287
• Key Points of Chapter = 289
• Study Questions = 289
• References = 290
• Chapter 11 Weight Management = 291
• What are the common weight management concerns for athletes? = 292
• What are the prevalence and significance of overweight and obesity? = 292
• What are the main health consequences and health risks of overweight and obesity? = 293
• What methods are used to determine weight status? = 294
• What is body mass index? = 294
• What can measures of body fat distribution tell us? = 295
• Why is body composition important? = 296
• What makes up the composition of the body? = 296
• What are the methods for measuring body composition? = 297
• How does body composition affect sport performance? = 301
• What are the components of energy intake and energy expenditure? = 302
• What influences energy intake? = 302
• What are the components of energy expenditure? = 303
• What methods do athletes use to lose weight? = 306
• How are weight and body composition goals for athletes determined? = 306
• How are energy needs for weight loss determined? = 307
• What dietary changes are necessary for athletes to lose weight? = 307
• How do exercise and physical activity influence weight loss for athletes? = 309
• How does goal setting help athletes lose weight? = 310
• What are the summary recommendations for athletes regarding weight loss? = 311
• What are the weight loss issues for athletes in weight classification sports? = 312
• What happens when weight loss efforts develop into disordered eating patterns? = 315
• What are the different types of eating disorders? = 315
• What are the main concerns regarding female athletes and eating disturbances/disorders? = 317
• What are the main concerns regarding male athletes and eating disturbances/disorders? = 319
• What are the best treatment options for eating disorders? = 320
• How can eating disorders be prevented? = 320
• How can athletes gain weight healthfully? = 322
• What kind of resistance training program is best for gaining weight? = 322
• How can an athlete achieve a positive energy balance? = 323
• How can an athlete achieve a positive nitrogen balance? = 324
• Do athletes need dietary supplements to gain weight? = 324
• What other dietary practices might help an athlete gain weight? = 325
• Key Points of Chapter = 326
• Study Questions = 327
• References = 327
• Additional Resources = 329
• Chapter 12 Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Athletes = 330
• What is different about endurance athletes? = 331
• What energy systems are utilized during endurance exercise? = 331
• Are total energy needs for endurance athletes different from energy needs of other types of athletes? = 331
• How are daily energy needs calculated for endurance athletes? = 332
• How many calories should be consumed during endurance training or competition? = 333
• How many calories are required after a training session or competitive event? = 334
• Are macronutrient needs different for endurance athletes? = 334
• How important are carbohydrates to endurance athletes? = 335
• How are daily carbohydrate needs calculated for endurance athletes? = 335
• How should endurance athletes carbohydrate-load before competition? = 336
• Should carbohydrates be consumed in the hours or minutes prior to endurance activities? = 337
• Should the endurance athlete consume carbohydrates during endurance activities? = 337
• Is carbohydrate intake important during the recovery period after endurance training or competition? = 338
• Are protein needs different for endurance athletes? = 340
• How are daily protein needs calculated for endurance athletes? = 340
• What is the effect of consuming protein prior to endurance activities? = 341
• Should proteins be ingested during endurance activities? = 342
• Is protein needed for recovery from endurance exercise? = 343
• Should endurance athletes eat more fats to meet their energy needs? = 344
• How are daily fat needs calculated for endurance athletes? = 346
• Should fats be eaten while performing endurance activities? = 347
• Is fat needed for recovery from endurance exercise? = 348
• Are vitamin/mineral needs different for endurance athletes? = 348
• Why are the B vitamins important for endurance athletes? = 348
• Why are vitamins C and E important for endurance athletes? = 348
• Why is iron important for endurance athletes? = 349
• Why is calcium important for endurance athletes? = 350
• Why are sodium and potassium important for endurance athletes? = 350
• Why are fluids critical to endurance performance? = 350
• How are daily fluid needs calculated for endurance athletes? = 351
• How are fluid and electrolyte needs during endurance activities determined? = 351
• What meal planning/event logistics need to be considered during endurance events? = 354
• How can a nutrition plan be developed for sports that are not conducive to consuming foods or fluids while exercising? = 354
• How can a nutrition plan be developed for sports lasting 24 hours or longer? = 357
• How can a nutrition plan be developed for a multiday event that will be fully supported? = 357
• How can a meal plan be developed for a sport such as a long-distance triathlon that includes a nonconducive eating environment, a length of time spanning several meals, and race course support? = 358
• Key Points of Chapter = 360
• Study Questions = 361
• References = 361
• Additional Resources = 363
• Chapter 13 Strength/Power Athletes = 364
• What is different about strength/power athletes? = 365
• What energy systems are utilized during strength/power exercise? = 365
• Are the calorie needs of strength/power athletes different from those of other types of athletes? = 366
• How are daily calorie needs calculated for strength/power athletes? = 366
• How are calorie needs calculated during strength/ power training and competition? = 371
• Are carbohydrate needs different for strength/power athletes? = 372
• How are daily carbohydrate needs calculated for strength/power athletes? = 372
• Are carbohydrates needed before and during training and competition? = 373
• Are carbohydrates needed for recovery from strength/power activities? = 375
• Are protein needs different for strength/power athletes? = 375
• How are daily protein needs calculated for strength/power athletes? = 376
• Do individual amino acids have an ergogenic effect on muscle growth and development? = 377
• Is protein needed before and during training sessions and competitions? = 377
• Is protein needed for recovery from strength/power activities? = 378
• Are fat needs different for strength/power athletes? = 379
• How are daily fat needs calculated for strength/power athletes? = 379
• Are fats needed before and during training sessions and competitions? = 380
• Is fat needed for recovery from strength/power activities? = 380
• Are vitamin and mineral needs different for strength/power athletes? = 380
• Do strength/power athletes need to supplement with antioxidant vitamins? = 380
• Should strength/power athletes supplement boron intake? = 380
• Should strength/power athletes be concerned about calcium intake? = 381
• Is chromium supplementation important for strength/power athletes? = 381
• Should strength/power athletes worry about iron? = 381
• Is magnesium supplementation important for strength/power athletes? = 382
• Why is zinc important for strength/power athletes? = 382
• Is multivitamin/mineral supplementation necessary for strength/power athletes? = 382
• Are fluid needs different for strength/power athletes? = 382
• What issues are of concern regarding the fluid intake of strength/power athletes? = 382
• How are fluid needs during strength/power activities determined? = 384
• What should athletes drink and when should they drink it? = 384
• How much fluid should strength/power athletes drink after training sessions and competitive events? = 385
• What meal-planning/event logistics need to be considered during strength/power events? = 385
• What are high-quality options for snacks between events at meets? = 385
• What are high-quality options for snacks after competition? = 385
• Key Points of Chapter = 387
• Study Questions = 388
• References = 388
• Additional Resources = 391
• Chapter 14 Team Sport Athletes = 392
• What is different about athletes in team sports? = 393
• What energy systems are utilized during team sports? = 393
• How are energy needs different for team sport athletes? = 394
• How are daily energy needs calculated for team sport athletes? = 394
• How can energy needs during an event be calculated? = 395
• Are carbohydrate needs different for team sport athletes? = 395
• How are daily carbohydrate needs calculated for team sport athletes? = 397
• What is the effect of carbohydrate consumption prior to team sport activities? = 398
• Is carbohydrate intake required during team sport activities? = 399
• Is carbohydrate intake needed for recovery from team sport activities? = 400
• Are protein needs different for team sport athletes? = 400
• How are daily protein needs calculated for team sport athletes? = 400
• Is protein recommended after exercise for recovery? = 402
• Are fat needs different for team sport athletes? = 402
• How are daily fat needs calculated for team sport athletes? = 402
• Is fat recommended after exercise for recovery? = 404
• Are vitamin and mineral needs different for team sport athletes? = 404
• How does vitamin intake of team sport athletes compare to the dietary intake standards? = 404
• How does mineral intake of team sport athletes compare to the dietary intake standards? = 404
• How does energy consumption affect vitamin and mineral intake? = 405
• Are vitamin and mineral supplements recommended for team sport athletes? = 406
• What are the fluid recommendations for team sport athletes? = 407
• Why are fluids critical to team sport performance? = 408
• How can dehydration be prevented in team athletes? = 408
• What meal-planning/event logistics need to be considered during team sport events? = 410
• Should food be consumed during an event? = 410
• What should athletes consume between games and at tournaments? = 410
• Which foods are recommended for athletes while traveling? = 412
• Key Points of Chapter = 416
• Study Questions = 417
• References = 417
• Additional Resources = 419
• Chapter 15 Special Populations = 420
• What is a "special population"? = 421
• What are the special considerations for athletes with diabetes? = 421
• What are the main types of diabetes? = 422
• What are the considerations related to exercise for athletes with diabetes? = 423
• How can athletes manage their diabetes and excel in sports? = 423
• What are the special considerations for athletes who are pregnant? = 427
• How are an athlete's caloric requirements affected by pregnancy? = 427
• How are an athlete's protein requirements affected by pregnancy? = 428
• How are an athlete's B vitamin requirements affected by pregnancy? = 428
• How are an athlete's vitamin C requirements affected by pregnancy? = 429
• How are an athlete's vitamin A requirements affected by pregnancy? = 429
• How are an athlete's magnesium requirements affected by pregnancy? = 430
• How are an athlete's iron requirements affected by pregnancy? = 430
• What are the special considerations for child and teen athletes? = 431
• How does nutrition affect growth and maturation in the child or teen athlete? = 431
• Are fluid needs for young athletes different from those of adult athletes? = 434
• Do young athletes require higher vitamin and mineral intake? = 434
• What are the special considerations for college athletes? = 435
• Are college athletes' energy needs higher than their precollege needs? = 435
• What are practical tips for the implementation of a college athlete's meal plan? = 436
• How does alcohol consumption affect college athletes' nutrition? = 437
• What are the special considerations for masters athletes? = 440
• How do the nutrient needs of masters athletes change? = 441
• How does the presence of chronic disease affect nutrient needs of masters athletes? = 443
• What are the special considerations for vegetarian athletes? = 443
• What are the various types of vegetarianism? = 444
• Which vegetarian foods are rich in protein? = 446
• Which vegetarian foods are rich in iron? = 448
• Which vegetarian foods are rich in zinc? = 449
• Which vegetarian foods are rich in calcium and vitamin D? = 449
• Which vegetarian foods are rich in vitamin B12? = 449
• Key Points of Chapter = 451
• Study Questions = 452
• References = 452
• Additional Resources = 454
• Chapter 16 Jobs in Sports Nutrition = 455
• Why should you consider becoming a registered dietitian? = 456
• What are the steps to becoming a registered dietitian? = 456
• What are the curriculum requirements for an undergraduate degree in dietetics? = 456
• Do individuals need a graduate degree to be a sports dietitian? = 457
• What do the dietetic internships entail, and how does the experience relate to becoming a dietitian? = 457
• How is the board exam taken, and what topic areas are covered? = 458
• Is continuing education required once the RD credential is obtained? = 458
• What is the Board Certified as a Specialist in Sports Dietetics credential? = 459
• Is licensure necessary for registered dietitians? = 459
• What if you are not an RD and don't have a license-can you still give nutrition advice to athletes? = 459
• How can students and professionals obtain practical experience in the field of sports nutrition? = 460
• What are the potential job markets in sports nutrition? = 461
• Key Points of Chapter = 464
• Study Questions = 464
• References = 464
• Appendix A You Are The Nutrition Coach - Answers = 465
• Appendix B The Gastrointestinal Tract = 471
• Appendix C Major Metabolic Pathways = 474
• Appendix D Calculations And Conversations = 480
• Appendix E Growth And Body Mass Index Charts = 483
• Appendix F Dietary Reference Intakes = 488
• Glossary = 492
• Index = 503