The unprecedented pandemic caused by Corona 19 has had a great impact on all
fields including politics, economy, society, and culture, and the 'non-face-to-face
culture' formed throughout society is We have created an environment where we
can particip...
The unprecedented pandemic caused by Corona 19 has had a great impact on all
fields including politics, economy, society, and culture, and the 'non-face-to-face
culture' formed throughout society is We have created an environment where we
can participate. This has an impact on school education as well, leading to a rapid
transition to an all-out 'online education'.
This change in the educational environment was possible due to the development
of digital technology and networks, and only after the pandemic situation due to
COVID-19 was faced, a foundation was formed to expand from offline school to
online school through digital technology.
However, the rapid change in the educational environment brought a lot of
confusion in addition to the problem of the educational gap caused by the learner's
social, economic, and cultural background. Due to the expansion of non-face-to-face
education, concerns about students who have not been sufficiently exposed to school
and community life, and content-oriented classes focused on knowledge transfer
reduced learners' interest and participation in classes, resulting in resistance fromparents and students. In particular, the satisfaction of online-based classes varies
greatly according to the competence of instructors (teachers) who communicate
closely with students in schools, and the importance of the space and its role can
be reexamined.
In order to solve the problems caused by the rapid change of learning form, it is
necessary to change the online-based teaching and learning method, which is based
on content, and Jenkins(2006) ‘participatory learning’ is what can be suggested as a
teaching and learning method. Participant learning is a teaching and learning method
based on the characteristics of a 'participatory culture' in which individuals freely
express their thoughts in a digital space, share them with the community they
belong to, and engage in active participatory activities.
Participatory learning focuses on enabling learners in the digital age to take an
interest in the problems of others and society and work with community members
to solve them so that their activities can contribute to society. Therefore,
participatory learning is a teaching and learning method that reflects the social and
cultural context of the present age, and the learning environment combined with
digital technology along with a thematic approach according to the learner's interest,
and instructional design for social experience beyond the space of the school are
emphasized. In order to put it into practice, I believe that the competence of the
instructor is important.
Therefore, this study tried to systematically examine how teachers practiced
'participatory learning' as a teaching and learning method in the actual school
education field. Instructors are influenced and interact and make decisions within the
socio-cultural context of their community. Considering this environment, qualitative
research was selected as the research method, and ‘activity theory’ was used as the
analysis frame.
To this end, four professors who practiced participatory learning as a teaching
and learning method in the school education field were selected, conducted in-depth
interviews focusing on their class cases, and each activity was analyzed according
to the components of the activity system. In particular, the systematic development
process of instructors for participatory learning was analyzed step by step through
the process of trying to resolve the contradictions that occur within the activity
system. The difficulties were objectively identified and directions were drawn to
practice participatory learning in the future education field.
As a result of comprehensively analyzing the activity system of instructors who
practiced participatory learning in online-based classes, this study found that the
primary contradiction between the existing system that adheres to formal education
and the current system that embraces new changes was the most common. ‘The
digital-based rapidly changing educational environment and formal and customary
school education practices' were derived as a secondary contradiction. In the process
of resolving this contradiction, it was confirmed that the practice activities of
participatory learning were improved and developed step by step, and the practical
direction of the instructor for online-based participatory learning operation was
presented by synthesizing the analysis contents.
Lastly, this study is significant in that it proposes a new teaching and learning
method of participatory learning in the chaotic school education field in the face of a
rapid transition to a pandemic, and presents a practical direction through systematic
analysis. It is hoped that the results of this study will be helpful in the process of
designing and operating teaching and learning in the right direction from the
position of the professor who wants to practice participatory learning in the future.