1980年代의 韓ㆍ日 兩國의 貿易成長과 貿易政責의 變化 = The Trade Growth and the Changes in the Trade Policies of Korea and Japan in the 1980os

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The first chapter mentioned the purpose and the necessity of the study. One of the targets of Korean economic policy is to increase exports and sustain a high rate of economic growth. In order to pursue the ends efficiently, it is vital to build an effective trade policy. Since the 1980s, however, the Korean government could not present an effective export-promoting policy faced with the pressures from industrialized countries and International organizations including GATT. Moreover, the scope of trade policy became limited due to the emergence of other NICs. What is the detailed pattern of Japanese trade policy when she was in such an environment that the Korean economy is undergoing currently after the periods of rapid economic growth of the 1970s. What are the characteristic and the differences? These questions attract our attention in developing the trade policy of the 1990s. In this article, we analyzed the changes in the trade policy of Korean in the 1980s compared with those of the 1960s and the 1970s. These are closely related to the direction of economic development by which Korean economy tries to enter an industrialized economy expanding international trade. We focus on the building process of the trade policies of Japan, which has been heavily dependent upon international trade in the process of economic development and is dominating the world market presently. The chapter Ⅱ explains the trade stucture of Korea and Japan respectively. In Korea, the trade growth and the changes in import-export structure were very important in formulation the trade policy of the 1980s. With the expansion of trade volume and the consecutive trade surpluses from 1986 to 1989, there was an increasing need to construct a more advanced trade system and an opportunity to develop a more advanced trade institution. The trade growth and the changes in import-export structure of Japan have a close relation to the building of her trade policies. As an example, when the trade surplus of Japan became problematic in the middle of 1980s, the trade structure of Japan could be captured as in the phrase “increasing export easy and increasing import never easy.” Under the structure Japan was likely to invoke the resistance from other industrialized trading partners and this would be an obstacle for Japan to move into a new dimension in trade and internationalization of economy. Accordingly, Japan had to change the trade policy inevitably. Under these circumstances Japan switched from the structure of “increasing export easy and increasing import never easy.” In the regard the trade growth and the changes in trade structure are deeply concerned with the changes in the trade policies in both countries. The chapter Ⅲ examines mainly the trade policy and its change in Korea during the 1980s. Here the export-promotion policy, import policy, characteristics and changes of trade policy adopted are discussed. It is noted that the export-promotion policies set up in the 1960s and 1970s were pursued until the middle of the 1980s, and there appeared policy changes since 1986. Concerning import policy, the real shift from non-tariff policy to tariff policy was made in the first and the second free-import plan since 1986. The purpose of the study in this chapter is to find under what circumstances, Korea changed its trade policy especially according to the changes in trade volume, internal and external trade environment, and into what form Korea changed its trade policy. The chapter Ⅳ deals with the trade policy of Japan in the 1980s concentration on the items such as the changes of export policy, import policy, tariff-reduction program, tariff system and its level, and the import-tariff stipulations. The main focus is about what lay in the background of trade policy changes of Japan in the 1980s, and what measures were taken to handle trade surpluses and the pressure for market-opening from other industrialized trade partners.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序論 Ⅱ. 韓國과 日本의 輸出入構造의 變化 Ⅲ. 韓國의 貿易政策과 그 變化 Ⅳ. 日本의 貿易政策의 特性과 그 變化 Ⅴ. 結論 -兩國의 政策比較와 韓國의 政策方向의 提言- 參考文獻 SUMMARY