A Transnational Tale of Two Nationalities : Ethnic Koreans in Sakhalin Island and North Koreans in Kamchatka, Russia

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 캄차카와 사할린의 한인 이민자들을 디아스포라적 관점에서 비교 및 분석하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 연구방법에서는 캄차카의 엘리조보와 부산 정관의 사할린 영주귀국자들을 대상으로 한 현지조사에서 수집된 구술을 연구자료로 하여 두 지역 한인 디아스포라의 초국가적 관행을 분석한다. 구체적으로 본 논문에서는 거주국으로부터의 소외, 혈연국의 차이, 모국에 대한 귀향욕구 및 유교적 관습 등의 초국가주의적 관행을 중심으로 연구를 진행하였다. 연구의 구체적인 결과에 따르면, 캄차카 거주 북한이주민의 혈연국인 북한의 정치체제의 폐쇄성 및 최근 한국과의 밀접한 관계 등의 영향으로 이들 이주민들은 정체적 혼란을 경험하고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 이들의 초국가적 지향성은 여전히 존재하고 있음을 보여주고 있다. 아마도 이런 결과는 캄차카와 사할린 거주 북한이주민과 사할린 영주귀국자들간에 존재하는 혈연국에 있어서의 차이 때문으로 판단되지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 이들 한인 이산민들의 정체성 형성에 초국가주의는 중요한 역할을 하고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 사할린섬과 캄차카 반도에서 코리안 디아스포라에 대한 러시아인들의 차별, 그리고 이들 한인들의 현지에서의 소외는 이들로 하여금 더욱 종족 정체성을 구축하는데 중요한 역할을 하였다. 또한 사할린과 캄차카에서 거주하는 한인들은 거주하는 지역에 상관없이 여전히 모국에 대한 귀환 욕구가 매우 강한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 유교적 관습에 따른 장례식이나 제사 및 환갑 등의 전통적인 한국 문화는 캄차카와 사할린의 한인들로 하여금 끊임없이 모국과의 연계성을 더욱 강화시키는 역할을 하는 것으로 드러나고 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The goal of this study is to analyze diasporic aspects of North Korean migrants in Kamchatka, in comparison with those of Korean diaspora in Sakhalin. In particular, using narratives of ethnic Koreans obtained in two field surveys in Elizovo in Kamchatka, Russia and Jeonggwan in Busan, South Korea, this study tries to compare transnational practices of those Korean diaspora both in Sakhalin and Kamchatka, Russia. In this paper four transnational practices including alienation from the host countries, differences in kin-states, desire for an eventual return to the homeland, and Confucian ethics were analyzed and compared between those Korean immigrants in both residential areas. According to the results of the study, the closure of the political system in North Korea and the kin-state of Koreans living in the Kamchatka Peninsula caused the North Korean diaspora to confuse their feelings about their home country, but those could not weaken transnationalism among them. It may be due to the fact that South and North Korea, homelands for two Korean diaspora in Sakhalin and Kamchatka, are different in their political or economic system or structure but identical in their cultural and spiritual roots. Russian discrimination against the Korean diaspora in Sakhalin Island and the Kamchatka Peninsula as well as subsequent alienation felt by these Koreans have played an important role in strengthening their ethnic identity. In addition, Koreans living in Sakhalin and Kamchatka still have a strong desire to return to their home countries regardless of where they live. Finally, this study shows that traditional Confucian Korean customs, such as funerals, rituals, and sixtieth birthdays, lead those ethnic Koreans in the Russian Far East to strengthen their connection with their homeland. All in all, this study illustrates that transnational practices of ethnic Koreans exert a similar influence on the reconstruction of diasporic identities, even though there are differences in their kin-states.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Theoretical Background on the Korean Diaspora in the Russian Far East (RFE)
• 3. Historical Sketch of Ethnic Koreans in Sakhalin and Kamchatka, Russia
• 4. Methodology
• 5. Transnationalism and the Soviet Koreans in Sakhalin and Kamchatka
• 6. Conclusion
• 참고문헌
• 국문초록

참고문헌 (Reference)

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