Relationship between oxytocin and serotonin and the fearfulness, dominance, and trainability of horses = Relationship between oxytocin and serotonin and the fearfulness, dominance, and trainability of horses

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Oxytocin (OXT) and serotonin (5-HT) are essential neurotransmitters associated with the behavior of animals. Recently, we found that the plasma concentration of OXT is positively correlated with horse docility and friendliness toward humans. However, the relationships between the neurotransmitters and other temperaments such as fearfulness, dominance, and trainability are unknown. This study aimed to identify whether the plasma concentration of OXT or 5-HT is correlated with fearfulness, dominance, and trainability of horses. Blood samples of 34 horses were collected at the Horse Industry Complex Center of Jeonju Kijeon College. The concentration of OXT and 5-HT was measured in the plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The fearfulness, dominance, and trainability of horses were scored by three professors who were very familiar with the horses. One-way analysis of variance with the least significant difference post-hoc analysis was used to compare the scores for fearfulness and dominance among groups. The trainability of horses was compared using the student t-test. The 5-HT was negatively correlated with dominance, but it had no relation with fearfulness. The OXT appeared to be negatively correlated with fearfulness and dominance in horses. Furthermore, OXT was positively correlated with the trainability of horses. Additionally, 5-HT appeared to enhance trainability. In conclusion, the concentration of OXT or 5-HT in horse blood plasma can be used as a biomarker to monitor the fearfulness, dominance, or trainability of horses.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Nancy Sabatier, "α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Stimulates Oxytocin Release from the Dendrites of Hypothalamic Neurons While Inhibiting Oxytocin Release from Their Terminals in the Neurohypophysis" Society for Neuroscience 23 (23): 10351-10358, 2003

2 C.F. Ferris, "Vasopressin and serotonin interactions in the control of agonistic behavior" Elsevier BV 19 (19): 593-601, 1994

3 D. D. Francis, "Variations in Maternal Behaviour are Associated with Differences in Oxytocin Receptor Levels in the Rat" Wiley 12 (12): 1145-1148, 2000

4 D. D. Francis, "Variations in Maternal Behaviour are Associated with Differences in Oxytocin Receptor Levels in the Rat" Wiley 12 (12): 1145-1148, 2000

5 Tomasello M, "The ultra‐social animal" 44 : 187-194, 2014

6 Nina R. Taylor, "Tail-biting: A new perspective" Elsevier BV 186 (186): 137-147, 2010

7 Ursinus WW, "Tail biting in pigs: blood serotonin and fearfulness as pieces of the puzzle?" 9 : e107040-, 2014

8 B. L. Jacobs, "Structure and function of the brain serotonin system" American Physiological Society 72 (72): 165-229, 1992

9 Sapolsky RM, "Stress in the wild" 262 : 116-123, 1990

10 H. Hill Goldsmith, "Roundtable: What Is Temperament? Four Approaches" JSTOR 58 (58): 505-529, 1987

11 Ken-ichi Yayou, "Relationships between postnatal plasma oxytocin concentrations and social behaviors in cattle" Wiley 86 (86): 806-813, 2015

12 Watt GM, "Preventing equestrian injuries" 22 : 187-197, 1996

13 D. S. MILLS, "Personality and individual differences in the horse, their significance, use and measurement" Wiley 30 (30): 10-13, 1998

14 Robert Kumsta, "Oxytocin, stress and social behavior: neurogenetics of the human oxytocin system" Elsevier BV 23 (23): 11-16, 2013

15 Michael Kosfeld, "Oxytocin increases trust in humans" Springer Science and Business Media LLC 435 (435): 673-676, 2005

16 Petersson M, "Oxytocin increases locus coeruleus alpha 2-adrenoreceptor responsiveness in rats" 255 : 115-118, 1998

17 Jiang Y, "Oxytocin and vasopressin flatten dominance hierarchy and enhance behavioral synchrony in part via anterior cingulate cortex" 8 : 1-14, 2018

18 Stephanie M Gorka, "Oxytocin Modulation of Amygdala Functional Connectivity to Fearful Faces in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder" Springer Science and Business Media LLC 40 (40): 278-286, 2015

19 Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg, "OXYTOCIN MAY MEDIATE THE BENEFITS OF POSITIVE SOCIAL INTERACTION AND EMOTIONS1The purpose of this paper is to describe the neuroendocrine mechanisms of positive social interactions.1" Elsevier BV 23 (23): 819-835, 1998

20 J.M. Koolhaas, "Neuroendocrinology of coping styles: Towards understanding the biology of individual variation" Elsevier BV 31 (31): 307-321, 2010

21 Patricia S. Churchland, "Modulating social behavior with oxytocin: how does it work? What does it mean?" Elsevier BV 61 (61): 392-399, 2012

22 Andrea Bari, "Inhibition and impulsivity: behavioral and neural basis of response control" Elsevier BV 108 : 44-79, 2013

23 Bates JE, "Handbook of infant development" John Wiley & Sons 1987

24 C.A. McCall, "Evaluation and comparison of four methods of ranking horses based on reactivity" Elsevier BV 96 (96): 115-127, 2006

25 Kristina Guyton, "Equestrian Injury is Costly, Disabling, and Frequently Preventable: The Imperative for Improved Safety Awareness" SAGE Publications 79 (79): 76-83, 2013

26 Jean-Loup Rault, "Effects of positive and negative human contacts and intranasal oxytocin on cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin" Elsevier BV 69 : 60-66, 2016

27 Knutson B, "Effects of fluoxetine on play dominance in juvenile rats" 22 : 297-307, 1996

28 Richard M Wood, "Effects of Tryptophan Depletion on the Performance of an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma Game in Healthy Adults" Springer Science and Business Media LLC 31 (31): 1075-1084, 2006

29 Akitsugu Konno, "Effect of Canine Oxytocin Receptor Gene Polymorphism on the Successful Training of Drug Detection Dogs" Oxford University Press (OUP) 109 (109): 566-572, 2018

30 Kurt Kotrschal, "Dyadic relationships and operational performance of male and female owners and their male dogs" Elsevier BV 81 (81): 383-391, 2009

31 Katherine A. Houpt, "Dominance hierarchies in domestic horses" Elsevier BV 4 (4): 273-283, 1978

32 Kylee J. Duberstein, "Determination of sex differences in personality and trainability of yearling horses utilizing a handler questionnaire" Elsevier BV 128 (128): 57-63, 2010

33 Mike Ludwig, "Dendritic peptide release and peptide-dependent behaviours" Springer Science and Business Media LLC 7 (7): 126-136, 2006

34 E. Giacalone, "Brain serotonin metabolism in isolated aggressive mice" Elsevier BV 17 (17): 1315-1327, 1968

35 Geumhui Lee, "Association of plasma concentrations of oxytocin, vasopressin and serotonin with docility and friendliness of horses" Elsevier BV 74 : 106482-, 2021

36 J.W Weeks, "Aggression and social spacing in light horse (Equus caballus) mares and foals" Elsevier BV 68 (68): 319-337, 2000

37 Thompson K, "A critical review of horse-related risk: a research agenda for safer mounts, riders and equestrian cultures" 5 : 561-575, 2015