불공정경쟁법의 기원과 법원리의 형성 = The Origin and Formation of Legal Principle of the Law of Unfair Competition

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

We have a short history of the law of unfair competition. However, the western world has a long history of the unfair competition. It began when the commercial trade happens. The study of the history of the unfair competition will bring a hint of the study of the Korean unfair competition. The history of the law of unfair competition consists of two prongs at large. The one is the civil law system including the French system and the German system and the other is the common law system. After French revolution in 1789, France has developed the law of unfair competition based on political liberalism and various unfair competition case law by the court’s decisions in which the court interprets the torts of civil law and develops the theory of unfair competition. In Germany, Formalism dominated late nineteen century, therefore its concept, nothing provide and nothing prohibited, impeded the development of the law of unfair competition because no explicit provision existed for unfair competition. Later, under influence of French unfair competition concept, Germany developed the law of unfair competition. English law of unfair competition has been developed in the penumbra of the legal concept of palming off. The U.S. based on common law unfair competition law has a narrow view of the law of unfair competition until 1910s when in INS v. AP the U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the misappropriation case as the law of unfair competition. However, the Supreme Court’s holding of INS v. AP was not universally accepted in the U.S. courts. In 1964, the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act of 1964, as amended 1966, was adapted to uniformize the law of unfair competition of each states. The unfair competition action for deceptive trade practices or ‘‘palming off’’ developed from the common law action for unfair competition, a modernist term of common law torts. The unfair competition law of Korea adapted after the independence from Japan is very similar to the U.S. ‘s Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act of 1964, as amended 1966 which dealt with misleading identification of business and goods and false and deceptive advertising. The study of the U.S. system of the law of unfair competition will help to interpretate the Korean Law of unfair competition

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우리나라의 불공정경쟁법의 역사는 짧다. 그러나 서양에서 불공정경쟁법의 형성 역 사는 오래되었다. 상거래가 존재하는 때부터 불공정경쟁의 역사가 존재하였다고 할 수 있다. 불공정경쟁법의 형성역사에 대한 고찰은 우리 부정경쟁방지법의 올바른 이 해에 도움이 된다. 근대적인 불공정경쟁법은 프랑스를 중심으로 한 대륙법계와 palming off를 중심으 로 한 영미법계가 존재한다. 대륙법계는 프랑스계와 독일법계가 나누어진다. 프랑스 는 1789년 프랑스 혁명이후에 자유주의 사상을 바탕으로 민법의 불법행위를 바탕으로 법원의 판결에 의하여 다양한 불공정경쟁행위를 형성하였고, 그것을 바탕으로 불 공정경쟁법을 발전시켰다. 독일은 법실증주의로도 알려진 형식주의에 따라 상표법에 규정되지 않은 행위는 규제되지 않는다는 사상에 따라 명시적 법규정이 없었던 불공정경쟁법이 상대적으로 늦게 발전하였으나, 프랑스의 영향을 받아 부정경쟁방지법을 제정하여 독자적으로 발전시켰다. 영국은 사칭모용행위라고 알려진 palming off를 불공정경쟁행위로 인정 하여 불공정경쟁법의 영역을 확장하지 않았다. 영국의 영향을 받은 미국도 1910년대 이전까지 불공정경쟁법은 palming off에 머물러 있었다. INS v. AP 사건에서 부정취득 사용을 불공정경쟁행위로 인정하였지만, 부정취득사용도 불공정경쟁행위로서 보편적 으로 수용된 것은 아니었다. 1962년 미국은 각 주의 불공정경쟁법을 통일하기 위하여 통일불공정경쟁법을 마련한다. 통일불공정경쟁법상 불공정경쟁행위는 출처에 대한 오인혼동을 가져오는 부정경쟁행위와 기망적 허위광고에 의한 부정경쟁행위로 나누 어 볼 수 있는데, 해방후 제정되어 시행된 우리 부정경쟁방지법은 미국의 통일불공정 경쟁법과 그 내용이 유사하다. 따라서 미국 불공정경쟁법의 연구는 우리법해석에 도 움이 될 것이다.

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