산업유산의 문화예술공간 활용을 통한 도시재생 전략 연구 : 상하이 홍방(紅坊) 창의 산업지구를 중심으로 = A Study on the Urban Regeneration through the Reuse of Industrial Heritage‘s Culture and Art Space: Focused on Red Town in Shanghai

국문 초록 (Abstract)

최근 서양과　일본에서　탈산업화사회에　들어선　도시는　경제　구조조정으로　인해　도시경제의　불경기와　도시인구　감소　등의　곤경에　빠졌다．　도시에서　지역경제를　회복하기 위해　낙후되고　쇠퇴된　구도심지역에　새로운　기능을　부여하고　경제，　문화，　복지，　환경　등　분야를　다방면으로　다시　부흥시키려고　하는　것이　도시재생이다．　도시재생은　역사적　건축물을　합리적으로　개선하여　회복할　뿐만　아니라　공간　설계와　개조를　통해　도시에　새로운　기능을　부여할　수　있다．　재생과정을　통해　도시의　활력을　높이고　도시　종합적　경쟁능력을　향상시키면서　도시　지속　가능한　발전을　추진해야 한다．　이는 지금까지 진행되었던 재개발인 물질적 개선과　제고의 중심에서 벗어나, 지역민과 커뮤니티의 기능까지 함께 회복시키기 위한 사업이고　도시의　산업공간에서　문화예술공간으로　변화시켜　활성화시키는　방안이라고　할　수　있다．
최근　갈수록　중시되고　있는　산업유산은　역사문화가치，　사회경제가치，　과학가치，　건축심미가치　등을　가지고　있으며　도시재생의　거점으로써　큰　주목을　받고　있다．　그에　따라　이에　대한　효과적인　공간　활용전략과　활용방향이　제시될　필요성이　있다．
상하이는　중국　근대　가장　중요한　산업도시　중　하나이며　개혁개방　후에　발전이　가장　빠르고　가장　활력이　있는　도시　중　하나이다．２０세기　８０，９０년대에　상하이시에서　“제３차　산업을　우선적으로　발전시키고　제２차　산업을　적극적으로　조정하며　제１차　산업을　안정하게　높인다．”라는　발전　방침을　세웠다．　상하이　도시경제의　변화，　산업구조의　조정과　도시건설의　발전에　따라　전통공업이　나날이　쇠퇴하고　있었다．　전통공업이　가졌던　낡은　공장과　낡은　창고가　도시　곳곳에　널려　있었고　점차　가치를　잃게　되었다．　새로운　상황에서　많은　근현대　산업건축과　산업유산의　보존，　개발과　재활용은　도시재생　과정에서　직면하고　있는　문제이다．　낡은　공장과　낡은　창고는　상하이　근대사　산업문화의　유물이며　상하이　도시의　역사　문맥이다．　그러므로　산업유산에　합리적인　개발과　활용은　도시재생전략　중에　중요한　부분이다．
본 연구에서는 상하이　산업유산의　상징이　되어온　“홍방(紅坊)　창의산업지구”를　대상지로　선정하였다．　문화예술공간　활용의　도시재생　전력분석을　통해　홍방(紅坊)　창의산업지구는　각각　단계의　발전을　전면적으로　분석하고　홍방　창의산업지구의　특정，　문제점과　성공　요인을　지적한다．　향후　산업유산의　문화예술공간　활용을　통해　지속가능한 도시재생의 발전방향과 추진방안을　도출하고자　한다．　
“상하이　도시　명함”이라고　불리는　홍방은　상하이에　값어치가　있　는　공간을　제공해　준다．　홍방이　십년　동안　좋은　공공　분위기를　형성하였고　도시문화와　예술에　가치를　더하였다．　토지가치를　증진시키기　위해　강제적으로　심는　토지개발보다　홍방이　이미　양호한　문화자원을　축적하였기　때문에　미래　이　핵심가치를　되도록　보존하고　이어　가야　한다．　여러　가지　원인으로　홍방이　두　번째　개조에　문제를　겪고　이삼　년　안에　휴관하겠지만　미래에　문화，　상업，　사무를　융합한　상하이　룽챠오　센터에　대한　기대가　크다．　홍방의　문화와　사회가치는　상하이　발전을　촉진하는　데　중요한　의의를　지니고　있기 때문에　“홍방　모델”과　홍방　십년　경험에　대해　계속　연구하고　검토한　필요가　있다．　앞으로　중국뿐만　아니라　다른　나라에서　참고할　수　있는　산업유산의　문화예술공간　재활용의　사례로　활용될　것으로　기대한다．

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In recent years，　Europe, the United States and Japan have entered post-modern society. Due to urban economic restructuring, many cities get into trouble of economic recession and depopulation. Urban regeneration is a process where regenerate and revive in many ways . Such as economy, culture, welfare, environment and so on. In order to restore economic and endow new values to declining old city or area .Urban regeneration can recover and reconstruct historical buildings reasonably and endow new functions to city by space design and reconstruction. Besides, it also can enhance urban vitality , economic power and promote the sustainable development of the city through the process of Urban regeneration. Nowadays, urban redevelopment is more than material development, it also includes recovery function of urban residents and community. Moreover, it is also a strategy which turns city’s industrial space into art and culture space.
Increasing focus on industrial heritage not only has historical and cultural values, social-economic values, scientific vales, architecture aesthetics values, but also gets more and more attention as a important content of Urban regeneration. Therefore, it is essential to put forward the flexible usage strategy and direction of industrial heritage．
Shanghai is one of the most important industrial cities in modern China, it is also one of the most fastest growing and dynamic cities after reform and opening-up. In 1980s Shanghai proposed development guideline that give priority to the development of tertiary industry, adjust secondary industry actively and enhance primary industry stably. Traditional industries are declining day by day, old factories and old warehouses of traditional industries spilled everywhere and lost values gradually. Therefore, the protection, development and reuse of many modern industrial architecture and industrial heritage become a problem we are facing in the process of Urban regeneration. Old factories and old warehouses are industrial cultural heritage of Shanghai modern history and historical context of Shanghai. As a result, the reasonable development and reuse of industrial cultural heritage is important content of Urban regeneration.
This paper selects Red Town which symbolizes industrial cultural heritage of Shanghai. By a study on the　Urban　regeneration　through　the　reuse of industrial heritage’s culture and art space, analyze the development of Red Town in various stages comprehensively and indicate the features, problems and reason’s for the success of Red Town. Thereby comes to sustainable development of Urban　regeneration’s development direction and strategy by reuse of industrial heritage’s culture and art space.
Red Town is called “Shanghai City Card” which provides valuable space for Shanghai. Red Town forms a good public atmosphere in ten years and it also provides a valuable supplement for city culture and art. Compared with behaviors of land development that implant culture by fore in order to increase land values, Red Town has accumulated good cultural resources and it’s necessary to continue and save the core values of Red Town. Due to various problems, Red Town is facing second transformation and currently maintain the state of closure for a couple of years at meantime. But we also look forward to Shanghai Rongqiao center which gathers culture, business and office work in the future. Culture and social value of Red Town has a expansionary effect on the development of Shanghai, so it’s necessary to study “Red Town model” and 10 years’ expensive. We hope that Red Town become excellent reference case about reuse of industrial heritage’s culture and art space in China and other countries in the future.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

近年來，歐美國家和日本進入後現代化社會，由於城市的經濟結構調整，城市陷入經濟不景氣和人口減少的困境。城市再生就是為了恢復城市經濟和賦予落後衰退的老城區新的功能，從社會，經濟，文化，福祉，環境等多個角度進行再生再造。城市再生不僅能合理地恢復和再造歷史建築，通過空間設計和改造賦予城市新的功能。還能通過再生的過程，可以提高城市的活力和經濟實力，促進城市的可持續發展。現如今進行的再開發，已經不僅僅是物質上的開發，還包括恢復城市居民和社區的功能，也是將城市的工業空間轉變為文化藝術空間的一種策略。
日益受到重視的工業遺產不僅具有歷史文化價值，社會經濟價值，科學價值，建築審美等價值，而且作為城市再生的一個重要內容，受到越來越多的關注。所以有必要提出工業遺產的活用戰略和活用方向。
上海是中國近現代最重要的工業城市之一，也是改革開放后發展最快最具有活力的城市之一。20世紀八九十年代上海市提出了優先發展第三產業，積極調整第二產業，穩定提高第一產業的發展方針。隨著上海城市經濟的變化，產業結構的調整和城市建設的發展，傳統產業日益衰退，然而傳統產業的老工廠舊倉庫散落在城市各處，也漸漸失去了價值。所以許多近現代的工業建築和工業遺產的保存，開發和再利用成為了城市再生過程中需要直面的問題。舊廠房和舊倉庫是上海近代史工業文化的遺產，也是上海城市的歷史文脈。因此對工業遺產合理的開發和利用是城市再生戰略中的重要內容。
本篇論文，選取了象征著上海工業遺產的紅坊創意園區。通過對活用文化藝術空間進行的城市再生戰略研究，全面分析紅坊在各個階段的發展，並指出紅坊的特征，問題點及成功要因。從而得出通過利用工業遺產的文化藝術空間的可持續發展的城市再生的發展方向及促進方案。
被稱作上海城市名片的紅坊創意園區給上海提供了有價值的空間。紅坊在這十年裏形成了良好的公共氛圍，也對城市文化和藝術提供了有價值的補充。 比起那些為了增加土地價值而硬性植入文化的土地開發行為比起來，紅坊已經積累了良好的文化資源，未來也要繼續保存延續它的核心價值。由於各種原因紅坊面臨的第二次的改造，同時也將維持兩到三年的休館狀態。但是對未來集文化，商業，商務于一體的上海融橋中心也是充滿期待。紅坊的文化和社會價值對上海的發展有促進作用，以後對“紅坊模式”和紅坊十年的經驗也有繼續研究和探討的必要。希望未來不僅僅是中國，紅坊也能夠成為其他國家活用工業遺產的文化藝術空間的參考事例。

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목 차
• 표 목 차 .............................................................................................................................iiii
• 그림목차 .............................................................................................................................iv
• 국문초록 ..............................................................................................................................v
• 제1장 서론...........................................................................................................................1
• 제1절 연구배경 및　연구목적　.............................................................................................1
• 제2절 연구내용 및　연구방법　.............................................................................................3
• 제2장 이론적　고찰..............................................................................................................5
• 제1절 산업유산에　관한　이론적　고찰.................................................................................5
• 제2절 도시재생의　개념과　필요성에　관한　이론적　고찰...................................................10
• 제3절 도시재생과　산업유산...............................................................................................15
• 제4절 문화예술공간에　관한　이론적　고찰.........................................................................18
• 제3장 문화예술공간　활용의　도시재생　전략분석.................................................................21
• 제1절 문화예술공간 활용의　도시재생　역할..........................................................................21
• 제2절 문화예술공간 활용의　필요성과　문제점......................................................................22
• 제3절 문화예술공간 활용의　도시재생　전략.........................................................................25
• 1. 지역주민　적극적　참여.................................................................................................25
• 2. 문화예술시설　조성의　다양화........................................................................................26
• 3. 다양한　문화예술 이벤트　유치.......................................................................................27
• 4. 문화예술창의　인재　육성..............................................................................................28
• 5. 상업성과　예술성　균형.................................................................................................28
• 제4장 상하이　홍방(紅坊)　창의　산업지구를　활용한　도시재생　전략　분석.....................................................................................................................................30
• 제1절 상하이　산업유산을　활용한　도시재생에　대한　고찰.................................................30
• 제2절 상하이　홍방(紅坊)　창의　산업지구　활용한　도시재생...............................................40
• 제3절 상하이　홍방(紅坊)　창의　산업지구　개조
• －－상하이　룽챠오（融侨）센터（２０１７년９월～２０２１년）..........................................57　
• 제４절 소결.......................................................................................................................71
• 제５장 결론.......................................................................................................................73
• 참고문헌 ..........................................................................................................................78
• ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................82
• 中文摘要 ..........................................................................................................................85