A New Road to the Welfare State: Discussion on the Viability of Universal Basic Income in Germany and the United States in the age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

국문 초록 (Abstract)

4차 산업혁명 시대를 맞아 급속한 과학기술의 발전과 전 경제영역에서의 혁신은 광범위한 기술적 실업과 직업(소득)의 양극화를 심화 시키며 보다 심각한 불평등 상황의 초래를 예고하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 현재 각국의 복지제도는 예견된 불평등 심화 상황에 대한 올바른 대안으로서 자리매김 되기 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 새로운 과학기술혁명시대에 적합한 복지제도로서 기본소득 (Universal Basic Income)이 각국의 실패한 복지제도에 대한 대안으로 도입될 수 있음을 설명하고자 한다. 본 연구는 에스핑엔더슨의 탈상품화(decommodi fication) 개념을 기반으로 하였으며, 더불어 기본소득의 적용 가능성에 대해 두가지 관점-정치이념적 수용성(受容性)과 재정적 지속가능성 여부-에서 분석하고 있다.현재 독일과 미국에 있어서 주요한 재분배 복지정책 중 하나인 하르츠 IV개혁(HartzIV)과 근로소득세액공제(Earned Income Tax Credit)의 사례를 살펴봄으로서 낮은 탈상품화로 인한 복지정책의 위기가 노정(露呈)되고 있음을 보여주려한다. 현대 복지국가의 위기는 보다 높은 탈상품화의 잠재성을 지닌 기본소득에 대한 각국 대중들의 관심을 고조시키며, 이에 대한 광범위한 논의를 불러일으키고 있는 상황속에서, 본 연구는 역사적으로 상이한 발전 경로를 겪어온 독일과 미국의 복지모델에 있어서 기본소득이 새로운 공통의 대안이 될 수 있음을 제기하고자 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The rapid advancement of technology (The Fourth Industrial Revolution) is expected to result technological unemployment, and job polarization, which will deepen inequality. The current welfare state worldwide has faced much criticisms, as it lost its ability to prevent worsening inequality. This paper follows to show how Universal Basic Income (UBI) serves as an alternative to the current welfare state particularly in this age of technology. Drawing from GøstaEsping-Andersen’s concept of decommodificationthis paper suggests that the failure of the current welfare state in Germany and United States has encouraged public desire for higher decommodification. This investigation shows how the cases of major contemporary redistributive policies in Germany (The Hartz IV reform) and in the U.S. (Earned Income Tax Credit) exemplify the welfare state crisis and spur discussion on UBI, which has the potential for higher decommodification, on the public sphere in each country. This paper suggeststhat UBI can be a convergent alternative to Germany and the U.S. that have traditionally had disparate welfare state regimes, and examines the viability of UBI in two dimensions: ideological acceptability and fiscal sustainability.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction & Literature Review
• Ⅱ. Social Policy of Unemployment Benefits and Income Support Program in Germany and the United States
• Ⅲ. Ideological Feasibility of Universal Basic Income in Germany and the U.S.
• Ⅳ. Financial Sustainability of Universal Basic Income in Germany and the U.S.
• Ⅴ. Conclusion
• References
• 국문요약

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