국가역량의 개념과 다차원적 분석틀: 국가역량 레짐의 다양성 연구를 위한 이론적 고찰

국문 초록 (Abstract)

민주화 이후 국가에 대한 논의는 국가의 역할과 기능, 국가권력의 남용에 대한 견제라는 질문에 집중되어 있었다. 이 논문은 그와 같은 국가이상을 실현하기 위한 현실적 조건을 뜻하는 ‘국가역량’, 즉 국가의 조직, 재정, 인력, 지식, 정치적 능력으로 관심을 확장한다. 최근 국가역량, 정부역량, 거버넌스, 정부의 질 등에 관한 연구가 국내 · 외적으로 급증하고 있는 가운데, 이 논문은 기존 연구의 세 가지 문제점에 초점을 맞춰 대안을 모색한다. 그것은 첫째, 현실에서 떨어질 수 없는 국가의 목표 수립과 실행 능력을 분리시켜서 국가역량 개념을 정책실행 능력으로 협소화시키고, 둘째, 그 분석적 차원을 강압 · 행정 · 재정 능력으로 국한하며, 셋째, 국가역량의 다차원성을 간과한 채 각국의 국가가 강한가, 약한가만을 묻는 일차원적 문제틀을 갖고 있다는 점이다. 그러한 한계를 극복하기 위해, 이 논문은 국가역량 연구에 기초를 제공한 사회학의 주요 문헌들을 비판적으로 재구성하여 이 개념의 의미내용과 분석틀을 확장하고자 시도했다. 논문의 핵심 주장은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국가역량은 공적 목표를 수립하고 이를 실행함으로써 영토 내 사회집단들의 행위와 관계를 제도적으로 규제하고 그에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 일체의 가능성을 포함한다. 둘째, 이처럼 확장된 개념 이해에 상응하여 국가역량의 분석적 차원은 강압 · 행정 · 조세와 같은 도구적 역량뿐 아니라, 현대의 민주적 자본주의 복지국가의 핵심적 활동인 법적 규제, 재분배적 개입, 경제활동 촉진의 역량을 포함해야 한다. 셋째, 다양한 차원의 국가역량은 종종 불균등하게 발전하고 심지어 상충하는 관계에 놓이기도 하기 때문에, 국가역량의 여러 부문 간의 특수한 배열과 결합 관계를 고찰하여 국가역량 레짐의 역사적 변화와 국가별 다양성을 규명함으로써 보다 정밀한 인식을 획득할 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

For decades after democratization, discussions about the state was concentrated on the raison d"être and the new public role of the state and the way of checking the abuse of state power. This paper is an attempt to theoretically clarify the concept of ‘state capacity’ as a substantial condition to realize the Staatsideale embodied through such social discussions. Recently, studies on state capacity, government capacity, good governance, and the quality of government have been rapidly increasing, but they often do not inherit the huge theoretical insights of the sociological literature that has had a great impact on this subject area. On the contrary, they tend to narrow the concept of state capacity to the administrative executive capacity of the government and simplify the complex relations between various dimensions of state capacity into a numerical sum of index values. To overcome such limitations, this paper examines the core sociological literature that provided an immediate basis for the recent studies of state capacity, and tries to amplify the theoretical implications condensed in this concept. The argument of this paper is that state capacity is not just a formal concept to measure certain executive features of the government, but a theoretical concept that refers to the active ability of the state, which claims authority and legitimacy as the only public organization that concentrates on the issues of the political community, to territorialize, institutionally regulate, and affect the behavior and relationship of social groups. In addition, the paper argues that because the different dimensions of the state capacity-the coercive, administrative, extractive, legal, distributive and productive capacitieshave their own institutional legacies and dynamics of change, it only serves to distort or obscure the perception of reality to judge the general state capacity of a nation as strong or weak. Instead, we should make the concrete question of ‘which kind of state capacity?’ and ‘state capacity for what and whom?’ lead our research. Through such theoretical reflections, we would be able to better elaborate on the substantial issues, including the institutional arrangement of democratic and authoritarian state capacities, the conditions of state capacity required for more universalistic welfare state, and the nature of national competence that alleviates or deepens inequality.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 국가역량 연구의 전통과 최근 동향
• Ⅲ. 국가역량 개념의 확장
• Ⅳ. 국가역량의 분석적 차원들
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

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