베를린의 ‘새로운 도시 관광’을 둘러싼 갈등과 지역변화의 역동성 = The Conflicts over the ‘New Urban Tourism’ in Berlin and the Dynamics of Regional Transformation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There are relatively few studies of the impact of urban tourism on the residential neighborhood district, and especially, there is little research on the influence of foreign city tourists on the social structure and daily life in the relevant area. For the last 20 years, the demand for new urban tourism has increased, and many people seek out such a trip. Since these people want to experience “real” everyday life instead of the performances staged in the city, they have greater impacts on the city’s structure and the residents’ lives than urban tourists in the past did. Here, a conflict occurs between the tourists and some residents, and visible foreign tourists often are pointed out and criticized as the main culprits of negative social changes, especially gentrification.
Although new urban tourism has a quite big impact on local communities, like some local residents of Kreuzberg, Berlin argue, this is not the cause of all social harm including gentrification. As time and space are compressed with the strengthening of globalization and the development of communication technology, the boundary of the border is gradually fading, and there is a variety of mobility of people, capital, and information. The bigger causes of the problem are the appearance of a new consumption culture, the increased global mobility and entanglement of capital and people, the urban marketing strategy as a driving force of the vitalization of the economy and the competition between cities surrounding that.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

도시 관광이 근린지구에 끼치는 영향에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 적으며, 그중에서도 ‘새로운 도시 관광객’이 해당 지역의 사회구조와 일상생활에 대한 연구는 더 드물다. 지난 20여 년 동안 새로운 도시 관광에 대한 수요가 증가하고, 많은 사람이이런 여행을 찾아 나서고 있다. 이들은 도시에서 연출된 공연이 아니라 “진짜” 일상생활을 경험하고 싶어 하기 때문에 이전의 도시 관광객보다 해당 도시의 구조와 주민의삶에 더 큰 영향을 끼치고 있다. 여기에서 관광객과 일부 주민 사이에 갈등이 발생하며, 가시적인 도시 관광객은 종종 부정적 사회변화, 특히 젠트리피케이션의 원흉으로 비난받고 있다. 새로운 도시 관광객이 해당 도시와 일상생활에 끼치는 영향에대한 연구는 주민의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 대책 마련과 관광객과 주민이 서로 인정하고, 공존할 수 있는 토대 구축을 위한 정책과 제도 마련을 위해서도 필요하다.
‘새로운 도시 관광’이 각각의 도시에서 끼치는 사회적 영향이 매우 다르기 때문에본 글은 베를린 크로이츠베르크를 중심으로 살펴 볼 것이다. 이 지역의 일부 주민은새로운 도시 관광을 젠트리피케이션을 비롯한 모든 사회적 해악의 원인이라고 주장하고 있다. 하지만 이론적, 실증적 조사를 통해 이들의 주장을 점검할 필요가 있다.
글로벌화의 강화와 정보통신 기술 발전으로 인해 시공간이 압축되고, 국경은 점차희미해지고 있으며, 사람과 자본 그리고 정보의 이동도 다양한 형태로 강화되고있다. 이 지역 문제의 더 큰 원인은 새로운 소비문화의 등장, 전 세계적인 자본과사람의 이동성 증가와 얽힘, 그리고 경제 활성화 동력으로서의 도시마케팅 전략과이를 둘러싼 도시 간의 경쟁 등에 있다.

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