제도적 특성이 집단행동 딜레마에 미치는 영향: 성과급적 연봉제를 반영한 실험 설계 = The Effects of Institutional Characteristics on a Collective Action Dilemma: Experimental design reflecting performance-based annual salary

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article examines which institutional factor(s) affect the collective action dilemma with respect to performance-related pay in the public sector. For this purpose, a set of public goods experiments was designed and conducted. The experiments had a betweenand within-subject design with two independent variables: type of situation (zero-sum and positive-sum) and type of wage system (basic structure and performance accumulative structure). The experimental results show that, first, the basic structure is more effective to solve the collective action dilemma than the performance accumulative structure. Second, the collective action dilemma is more reduced in the positive-sum than in the zero-sum situation; however, the influence of the positive-sum structure on the collective action dilemma works only in the basic structure. Third, the gap in the contribution to the public account between the basic and performance accumulative structures increases as the game situation shifts from zero-sum to positive-sum. Finally, in repetitive experiments, the contribution to the public account diminished continuously under the basic structure situation. Even under the structure of basic and positive-sum, the reduced contribution to the public account is observed in repetitive experiments. Through the experiment design reflecting the real institutions of the basic annual salary and the performance-based annual salary, the results of this study provide empirical evidence for the influence of institution on the collective action dilemma. Theoretical, experimental, and practical implications of the results are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 제도의 특성이 집단행동 딜레마에 미치는 영향이 무엇인가라는 연구 질문을 설정하고, 구체적으로 실제 운영되고 있는 제도의 특성이 집단행동 딜레마에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 이에 공무원 성과급적 연봉제를 분석하여 제도적 특성을 도출하고, 동 제도적 특성을 반영한 실험설계(제로 섬 구조와 포지 티브 섬 구조, 기본 구조와 성과누적식 구조)를 통해 공공재 게임을 수행하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, ‘기본 구조’ 가 ‘성과누적식 구조’에 비해 집단행동 딜레마의 완화에 기여한다. 둘째, ‘제로섬 구조’보다 ‘포지티브 섬 구조’가 집단행동 딜레마의 완화에 기여할 수 있으나 이는 ‘기본 구조’에서만 나타난다. 셋째, ‘제로 섬 구조’에서 ‘포지티브 구조’가 될수록 ‘기본 구조’와 ‘성과누적식 구조’간 공공계정 기여금 격차가 증가한다. 넷째, 반복 실험시 ‘기본 구조’에서 공공계정이 감소하는 현상이 일관적으로 나타났다. 심지어, ‘기본 구조･포지티브 섬’ 구조에서도 반복실험시 공공계정 기여율이 감소하는 현상이 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 제도가 집단행동 딜레마에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 현실제도를 반영한 실험설계를 통해 실증하고 있다는 점에서 이론적, 실험적, 정책적 가치를 지니고 있다.

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