Changes of body composition and metabolic parameters by lifestyle modification according to FTO SNPs among overweight and obese Korean adults

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to investigate if the changes of anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters after the lifestyle modification are different according to FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among overweight and obese Korean adults.
Study participants were recruited through a public advertisement. After the screening of 60 people, 43 adults who were overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m²) were enrolled in the 8-week lifestyle modification. Of them, 37 followed up until the 4th week, and 34 finally accomplished the 8th week intervention. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and FTO SNPs (rs1421085T>C, rs9939609T>A) were analyzed.
Interestingly, study participants show the same pattern in the genotype of both SNPs in the FTO (rs1421085T>C: TT, n=28, TC n=9; rs9939609T>A: TT, n=28, TA, n=9). At baseline, proportions of sex and BMI categories were not significantly different, but visceral fat area and serum C-peptide levels were significantly higher, and fasting glucose and HDL-cholesterols were lower in the subjects with minor allele (minor allele carriers) than those with wild types. After 4-week, wild type group had significant reduction in BMI, blood pressure, subcutaneous fat area (SFA), glycated hemoglobin (%), and fasting glucose, minor allele carriers had significant reduction only in glycated hemoglobin (%), and fasting glucose. After the 8-week, both genotype groups had significant improvement in BMI and waist circumference and SFA. After 8-week, wild type group showed improvement in the shift of overweight/obesity category (38.5%), but minor allele carrier group did not show the shift (0.0%) (P = 0.037), even though the last group had significant improvement in the changed values of the parameters.
This present study shows that changes of anthropometric measurements and metabolic parameters after the lifestyle modification are associated with the genotype of the FTO SNPs among overweight and obese Korean adults. Further intervention studies with large scaled population are needed to support the results and conclusion of this study.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 과체중·비만 한국 성인을 대상으로 식생활 개선 프로그램을 통하여 인체계측 및 대사 지표 변화와 FTO 유전자의 단일염기다형성 (SNPs, single nucleotide polymorphisms)과의 연관성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다.
연구 참여자는 공개 광고를 통해 모집되었다. 60명을 모집한 후, 과체중/비만(BMI ≥ 23 kg/m²) 성인 43명이 8주간의 식생활 개선 프로그램에 등록되었다. 연구 참여자 37명이 4주차까지 완료하였고, 최종적으로 34명이 8주차까지 완료하였다. 인체계측 및 생화학적 지표 수준과 FTO SNPs (rs1421085T>C, rs9939609T>A)을 분석하였다.
연구 참여자들은 흥미롭게도 FTO 유전자 내 2가지 SNP의 유전자형에서 동일한 패턴을 보여주었다 (rs1421085T>C: TT, n=28, TC, n=9; rs9939609T>A: TT, n=28, TA, n=9). 0주차에서 성별과 BMI에 따른 유전자형의 비율은 유의한 차이가 없었지만, minor allele carriers 그룹이 wild type 그룹보다 내장지방 면적과 혈청 C-peptide 수치가 유의하게 더 높았고, 공복 혈당과 HDL콜레스테롤 수치는 더 낮았다. 중재 4주 후 wild type 그룹은 BMI, 혈압, 피하지방 면적, 당화혈색소(%) 및 공복혈당 수준이 유의적으로 감소하였고, minor allele carriers 그룹은 당화혈색소(%)와 공복혈당 수준이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 중재 8주 후 두 유전자형 그룹 모두 BMI, 허리둘레 및 피하지방 면적 수치가 크게 개선되었다. 또한 중재 8주 후 wild type 그룹은 과체중/비만도 카테고리가 개선되었지만 (38.5%), minor allele carriers 그룹은 비만 관련 체구성 지표 수준이 개선되었음에도 불구하고 과체중/비만도 카테고리의 변화 (0.0%)를 나타내지 않았다 (P = 0.037).
본 연구는 식생활 습관 중재 후 과체중·비만 한국 성인의 FTO SNPs 유전자형과 인체 계측치 및 대사 지표 변화와의 연관성을 확인하였다. 그러나 이 연구의 결과와 결론을 뒷받침하기 위해서는 대규모 인구를 대상으로 한 추가 개입 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction 1
• Ⅱ. Materials and Methods 4
• 1. Subjects and study design 4
• 2. Dietary education and lifestyle modification 4
• 3. Diet survey nutrition quotients (NQ) 5
• 4. Anthropometric measurements and blood collection 5
• 5. Glycemic parameters and lipid profile 5
• 6. Genotyping of FTO rs9939609 (T>C) and rs1421085 (T>A) 6
• 7. Statistical analysis 6
• Ⅲ. Results 7
• 1. Distribution of subjects according to genotype of FTO SNPs (rs9939609 and rs1421085) 7
• 2. General characteristics, biochemical parameters, and NQ scores of subjects according to genotype of the FTO SNPs at baseline 8
• 3. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters before and after the intervention (4-week) 14
• 4. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters, and NQ scores according to genotype of the FTO SNPs before and after the intervention (8-week) 16
• 5. Obesity related anthropometric parameters according to genotype of the FTO SNPs before and after the intervention (4-week) 20
• 6. Obesity related anthropometric parameters according to genotype of the FTO SNPs before and after the intervention (8-week) 23
• 7. NQ scores according to genotype of the FTO SNPs before and after the intervention (4-week, 8-week) 26
• 8. Distribution of obesity categories according to genotype of the FTO SNPs after the 4-week and 8-week intervention 28
• Ⅳ. Discussion and Conclusion 31
• References 34
• 국문초록 42