β-Glycosidase-Assisted Bioconversion of Ginsenosides in Purified Crude Saponin and Extracts from Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Major ginsenosides in ginseng (Panax ginseng)and its products are highly glycosylated, hence poorlyabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. β-Glycosidase-assisteddeglycosylation of pure ginsenosides was peformed tostudy bioconversion mechanisms. Ginsenoside standardcompounds, crude saponin, and red ginseng extracts wereincubated with β-glycosidase (0.05% w/v, 55ºC). β-Glycosidase has a broad specificity for β-glycosidic bonds,hydrolyzing the β-(1→6), α-(1→6), and α-(1→2) glycosidiclinkages. The final metabolite of protopanaxadiol ginsenosideswas Rg3 while the metabolite of protopanaxatriol ginsenosideswas Rh1. β-Glycosidase treatment of red ginseng extractsresulted in a decrease in the amounts of Rb1, Rc, Re, andRg2 after 24 h, whereas levels of the less glycosylated Rd,Rb1, Rg, Rg3, Rg1, and Rh1 forms increased. When crudesaponin was incubated with β-glycosidase for 24 h, levelsof Rb1, Rc, Re, and Rg1 decreased while levels of Rd,Rg3, and Rh1 increased as deglycosylated ginsenosides.

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