민간외교의 정치적 기능 -일·중공관계를 중심으로-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

With the end of World War Ⅱ, Japanese diplomacy changed its militarist, expansionist policies of pre-war period into international-Cooperation-oriented, economy-oriented policies. Also in its methods, it adopted new methods of private diplomacy and could achieve democratization and diversification of diplomacy and could have done with inflexibility of the cold war effectively. In this article, I regarded such private diplomacy of Japan not as a temporary variation of diplomacy during a particular period, but as a new functional aspect of modern diplomacy; and intended to show strategic effectiveness of this function. In the approach of the article, I divided it into two parts: One explains the historic background on which the ``private diplomacy`` was formed, and the other offers the case studies of private diplomacy employed between Japan and China. In the former part, ``changes of diplomatic modes`` was studied from the angle of ``private diplomacy.`` and in the latter part, strategic features of private diplomacy between Japan and China were studied and analyzed from the angles of economic diplomacy and political diplomacy. In the former analysis, modernistic factors, cold war factors, Japanistic particular factors concerned with forming ``private diplomacy`` were chosen as the objects of analysis. In the latter analysis, political situation of cold war before and after the forming of private diplomacy, and political situation of detente immediately before the normalization of Sino-Japanese relation during which private diplomacy was actively performed were chosen as the objects of analysis. Especially in the latter, I tried to assess political elasticity of Japanese private diplomacy through analyzing the relation between the diplomacy of the governing party and the opposition party. As the result of such analyses, I concluded as following: First, although the characteristics of Japanese diplomatic policy toward China was often explained with the principle of ``seperation of politics from economics,`` some reservations should be added to such an expression. Because diplomatic relation between Japan and China is not without political elements, but political elements internalized in the economic elements are functioning in it. And the emphasis on strategy of Japanese Government could be explained as economization of politics. Second, following four characteristics could be listed as the political, functions of private diplomacy: (1) People not only give pressure and influence on the diplomatic activities of government, but also they can replace the government as the main actors of diplomatic activities. It has a historical meaning in the fact that it provides the way of private participation in ``diplomacy and therefore precipitates democratization o(I) diplomacy. (2) Private diplomacy toward China gives flexibility and variety to Japanese diplomacy in the fact that it is pro-communistic private diplomacy in contrast with anti-communistic diplomacy depending on the U.S.A. of the Government. (3) Private diplomacy toward China has function of complementing or checking the official diplomacy·. (4) Private diplomacy the has a function of enhancing independence of diplomacy, considering fact that the diplomacy on the government level bas been influenced by the U.S.A. too much. Finally one thing should be noted. This article is still in a incomplete stage. Hencefoward it will be revised to be a more complete one. The aim of publishing this incomplete manuscript is to ask far criticism of readers. This article was concerned only with presenting questions and forming main structure. In place of neglecting accurate evideuces, the efforts were focussed on forming new angles. I will continue to make it revised and publish a more complete one some other time.