흥해 고려종에 대한 역사적 연구 －한 ‘천년 종’(956～1944)의 流轉－ = Historical Study on Bell of Goryeo in Heunghae(956～1944)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines a bell of Goryeo(956～1944) which was made in early Goryeo Dynasty(AD 956) and enshrined in a Buddhist temple located in Heunghae(Heunghae-eup, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do).
Being the oldest among remaining ones, this bell was transferred from Heunghae to western Japan by Japanese pirates around 1380, enshrined in Naminoue Shrine(波上宮) in Naha, Okinawa and then burned down due to gunfire by US Army during the Pacific War in 1944.
In regard of this bell, I, the author, give attention to the fact that ‘Hwondal’ who was from a powerful family around Heunghae in early Goryeo Dynasty participated in creating the bell and, at the same time, suggests an opinion on the temple where the bell was enshrined. The bell’s outflow to Okinawa has been explained with gift presenting from Joseon Dynasty so far. This study, however, assumes that the bell was not subject to gift presenting but to plunder by Japanese pirates during the late Goryeo in late 14th century.
The time of its outflow from Heunghae to western Japan is presumed to be in the year of 1380～1381 since Heunghae and its surrounding areas were severely damaged by Japanese pirates around that time. As Ryukyu Dynasty’s Buddhist demand increased after 15th century, this bell would be moved to Okinawa yet again, which requires new consideration hereafter.

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