반둥 프로젝트와 아민의 제3세계 마르크스주의 : 사미르 아민을 추모하며 = The Bandung Project and the Third World Marxism of Samir Amin : In Memory of Amin

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Bandung Conference (1955) and the beginning of the non-aligned movement (1961) announced a third world composed of three quarters of humanity, invoking an understanding of a capitalist and imperialist world system beyond commonplace understandings of the cold war. Samir Amin (1931-2018) was an independent Marxist committed to the Bandung project and engaged in the national, popular development of the South as part of a multipolar and polycentric world system. We introduce Amin’s major concepts about the Bandung projectas part of his theory and practice of third world Marxism and the non-aligned movement. And we examine delinking, the controversial core of Amin’s thought and strategy and its implications for the radical left’s practices in the South. Amin was not so much a third worldist as a globalist, but above all he was a Marxist of the south, and his theoretical legacies contain a range of issues thatthe radical left in the north and south must tackle after the demise of the Bandung project. It is impossible to imagine the prospect of a revolutionary transformation that detours around or transcends his intellectual efforts.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

반둥회의와 비동맹운동은 이른바 제3세계라는 인류의 4분의 3을 이루는 인민들의 정치적 존재를 알리는 것이면서 ‘냉전’이라 알려진 세계질서에 대한 흔한 이해를수정하고 자본주의 세계 체제를 새롭게 인식하도록 촉구하는 것이었다. 그리고 독립적 마르크스주의자 사미르 아민은 ‘반둥 프로젝트’라는 비동맹운동의 역사적 시대(1945~1980)에 뛰어들어, 자본주의적 세계화의 첫 번째 물결이 만들어 낸 다극적·다중심적 세계체제 속에서 제3세계의 민족적·민중적 발전을 위해 헌신했다. 우리는 이 글에서 아민의 이론적 실천을 비동맹운동과 제3세계 프로젝트의 마르크스주의로 여기면서, 그의 반둥 프로젝트, 반둥 시대, 반둥 체제에 대한 논의를 소개한다. 그리고 그의 논쟁적인 개념이자 또한 이행의 프로젝트를 요약한 ‘단절’이라는 개념에 주목하고, 그것이 남부의 마르크스주의적 실천에 갖는 함의를 밝혀보고자 한다. 아민은 제3세계주의자가 아닌 남부의 글로벌리스트였다. 그러나 그는 남부의마르크스주의자였다. 그가 남긴 지적 유산은 반둥 시대 이후 남부와 북부의 급진 좌파에겐 결산해야 할 모든 쟁점들이 집적되어 있다. 그러므로 그의 지적 실천을 우회하거나 초월하여 현시대의 변혁 전망을 사유한다는 것은 불가능한 일일 것이다.

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