조선시대 筆巖書院의 운영과 재정 = A Study on Management and Finances of Piram-Seowon during the Joseon Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Piram-seowon is one of Korea’s representative academies included in ‘Seowon, Neo-confucian Academies of Korea’, which was inscribed in World Heritage List in 2019. Piram-seowon was recognized as Outstanding Universal Value in that it retains a variety of data that can be used to understand the operation and finances of the Seowon in the late Joseon Dynasty.
The Wonim(board of directors) of Piram-seowon consisted of the Wonjang(director), Won-yi(deputy director), Jangeui(manager), Seakjang (manager), and Yusa(manger). Among these, the director was appointed as a representative of Neo-Confucian scholars or high-ranking official in the Joseong Society. Local officials were in charge of the Won-yi and Jangeui. Other members were generally elected by literati residing near Jangseong. Piram-seowon has 30 Wonseang(students) recognized by the government, plus additional students. In a seowon, activities centered on ritual rites and lectures are confirmed centered on the Wonim and Wonseang. The guestbook, which has been recorded since the mid-17th century, contains a list of about 3,000 people, allowing the region and origin of those who visited Piram-seowon to be confirmed in detail.
The main pillars of Piram-seowon in terms of financial management were slaves and farmland. The slaves show the unique operating method of Piram-seowon, and a representative example is the record of the family relationships of the slaves centered on the maternal line. The number of slaves at Piram-seowon was around 30 since the late 18th century. In the case of fields, the level of tax exemption was consistently maintained at around 3.23ha. Based on finances comprised of slave and farmland, the expenditures of the Piram-seowon were carried out within the scope of income. In addition, the finances of the seowon were secured through various donations.