How different shades of red T‑shirts enhance the perceived attractiveness of Asian women in digital photographs

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper investigates whether diferent shades of red clothes increase women’s perceived attractiveness to men and women in digital photographs. We also examined whether there was any variance in perceived attraction according to the color shade of clothes due to personal physical color traits based on Personal Color Analysis System.
Participants evaluated a woman’s attractiveness presented in a photograph featuring diferent skin and hair colors and t-shirts in four red shades. The results indicate that the four diferent red shades—low chroma/high value, low chroma/medium value, high chroma/medium value, and low chroma/low value—examined in this study can enhance female attractiveness on a digital photo. Signifcantly, the high chroma and medium value—often considered vivid—red had a greater appeal to males and females in most skin and hair color types. This study is the frst to investigate the perceived attractiveness of Asians wearing red in the context of digital photographs. The fndings give insight to people and marketers with a better understanding perceived attractiveness of red clothing in digital photos. Additionally, this study confrms that the value and chroma of color, which was overlooked in previous research, should be considered as variables in studies of clothing color meanings

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Lee, J. H., "한국 여성의 개인색채 이미지 유형 분류에 관한 연구 [A study on personal color image classification for Korean women]" 23-26, 2003

2 Sumie Matsuura, "일본에서의 퍼스널컬러 시스템의 추이" 한국의류산업학회 6 (6): 535-538, 2004

3 Jones, B. C., "When facial attractiveness is only skin deep" 33 (33): 569-576, 2004

4 Eagly, A. H., "What is beautiful is good, but…: A meta-analytic review of research on the physical attractiveness stereotype" 110 (110): 109-128, 1991

5 Dion, K., "What is beautiful is good" 24 (24): 285-290, 1972

6 Fink, B., "Visible skin color distribution plays a role in the perception of age, attractiveness, and health in female faces" 27 (27): 433-442, 2006

7 St Clair, K., "The secret lives of colour" John Murray 2016

8 Abramov, I., "The psychology of fashion" Lexington Books 211-223, 1985

9 Goffman, E., "The presentation of self in everyday life" Garden City 1959

10 Maier, M. A., "The influence of red on impression formation in a job application context" 37 (37): 389-401, 2013

11 Howlett, N., "The influence of clothing on first impressions: Rapid and positive responses to minor changes in male attire" 17 (17): 38-48, 2013

12 Zebrowitz, L. A., "The impact of litigants’ baby-facedness and attractiveness on adjudications in small claims courts" 15 (15): 603-623, 1991

13 Buss, D. M., "The handbook of evolutionary psychology" John Wiley & Sons 2005

14 Hosoda, M., "The effects of physical attractiveness on job-related outcomes: a meta-analysis of experimental studies" 56 (56): 431-462, 2003

15 Ortony, A., "The cognitive structure of emotions" Cambridge University Press 1990

16 Burgoon, J. K., "The SAGE handbook of interpersonal communication" Sage Publications 239-280, 2011

17 Edwards, C., "Social presence on LinkedIn: Perceived credibility and interpersonal attractiveness based on user profile picture" 5 (5): 102-115, 2015

18 Aaron, S., "Social media use in 2018"

19 Pazda, A. D., "Sexy red: Perceived sexual receptivity mediates the red-attraction relation in men viewing woman" 48 (48): 787-790, 2012

20 Miller, A. G., "Role of physical attractiveness in impression formation" 19 (19): 241-243, 1970

21 Radeloff, D. J., "Role of color in perception of attractiveness" 71 (71): 151-160, 1990

22 Peperkoorn, L. S., "Revisiting the red effect on attractiveness and sexual receptivity: No effect of the color red on human mate preferences" 2016

23 Stephen, I. D., "Redness enhances perceived aggression, dominance and attractiveness in men’s faces" 10 (10): 562-572, 2012

24 Pastoureau, M., "Red: The history of a color" Princeton University Press 2017

25 Elliot, A. J., "Red, rank, and romance in women viewing men" 139 (139): 399-417, 2010

26 Niesta Kayser, D., "Red and romantic behavior in men viewing women" 40 (40): 901-908, 2010

27 Nunnally, J. C., "Psychometric theory (McGraw-Hill Series in Psychology) (Vol. 3)" McGraw-Hill 1994

28 Hill, R. A., "Psychology: Red enhances human performance in contests" 435 (435): 293-, 2005

29 Pazda, A. D., "Perceived sexual receptivity and fashionableness: Separate paths linking red and black to perceived attractiveness" 39 (39): 208-212, 2014

30 Daft, R. L., "Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design" 32 (32): 554-571, 1986

31 Dixson, A. F., "Observations on the evolution and behavioral significance of “sexual skin” in female primates" 13 : 63-106, 1983

32 Langlois, J. H., "Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review" 126 (126): 390-423, 2000

33 Ellison, N., "Managing impressions online: Self-presentation processes in the online dating environment" 11 (11): 415-441, 2006

34 Walther, J. B., "Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective" 19 (19): 52-90, 1992

35 Walster, E., "Importance of physical attractiveness in dating behavior" 4 (4): 508-516, 1966

36 Feingold, A., "Good-looking people are not what we think" 111 (111): 304-341, 1992

37 Willis, J., "First impressions: Making up your mind after a 100-ms exposure to a face" 17 (17): 592-598, 2006

38 Deschner, T., "Female sexual swelling size, timing of ovulation, and male behavior in wild West African chimpanzees" 46 (46): 204-215, 2004

39 Hakim, C., "Erotic capital" 26 (26): 499-518, 2010

40 Jalil, N. A., "Environmental colour impact upon human behaviour: A review" 35 : 54-62, 2012

41 Suk, H., "Emotional response to color across media" 35 (35): 64-77, 2010

42 Francis, S. K., "Effects of hue, value, and style of garment and personal coloring of model on person perception" 64 (64): 383-390, 1987

43 Francis, S. K., "Effects of hue, value, and garment style on college recruiters’ assessments of employment potential" 67 (67): 87-93, 1988

44 Radeloff, D. J., "Effects of hue, value, and chroma on college students’ preferences for apparel and upholstery fabrics" 69 (69): 167-178, 1989

45 Camgöz, N., "Effects of hue, saturation, and brightness: Part 2: Attention" 29 (29): 20-28, 2004

46 Gibson, L. A., "Effects of harmony between personal and apparel coloring on perceptions of a woman’s employment potential" 8 (8): 23-28, 1990

47 Valdez, P., "Effects of color on emotions" 123 (123): 394-409, 1994

48 Egusa, H., "Effects of brightness, hue, and saturation on perceived depth between adjacent regions in the visual field" 12 (12): 167-175, 1983

49 Flusser, A., "Dressing the man: Mastering the art of permanent fashion" Harper Collins 2002

50 Andrew J. Elliot, "Dressed for Sex: Red as a Female Sexual Signal in Humans" Public Library of Science (PLoS) 7 (7): e34607-, 2012

51 Michaela Benzeval, "Does Perceived Physical Attractiveness in Adolescence Predict Better Socioeconomic Position in Adulthood? Evidence from 20 Years of Follow Up in a Population Cohort Study" Public Library of Science (PLoS) 8 (8): e63975-, 2013

52 Roberts, S. C., "Distinguishing between perceiver and wearer effects in clothing color-associated attributions" 8 (8): 350-364, 2010

53 Brown, J. W., "Determining personal colors"

54 Whitty, M. T., "Cyberspace romance: The psychology of online relationships" Palgrave Macmillan 2006

55 Stephen, I. D., "Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men’s faces" 33 (33): 260-267, 2012

56 Lee, H., "Consumers’ acceptance and diffusion of word-of-mouth in social brand community: The moderating effect of self-monitoring" 25 (25): 1-23, 2020

57 Shafie, L. A., "Constructing identity through Facebook profiles: Online identity and visual impression management of university students in Malaysia" 65 : 134-140, 2012

58 Saito, M., "Comparative studies on color preference in Japan and other Asian regions, with special emphasis on the preference for white" 21 (21): 35-49, 1996

59 Mahnke, F., "Color, environment, human response" Van Nostrand Reinhold 1996

60 "Color, M"

61 Nicholson, J., "Color wonderful" Bantam Books 1986

62 Jackson, C., "Color me beautiful: Discover your natural beauty through the colors that make you look great and feel fabulous" Ballantine Books 2011

63 Revelli, C., "Color and you" Simon & Schuster 1982

64 Guéguen, N., "Color and women hitchhikers’ attractiveness: Gentlemen drivers prefer red" 37 (37): 76-78, 2012

65 Guéguen, N., "Color and cyber-attractiveness: Red enhances men’s attraction to women’s internet personal ads" 38 (38): 309-312, 2013

66 Hilliker, J. A. S., "Color analysis in the marketplace" 6 (6): 26-31, 1988

67 Guéguen, N., "Clothing color and tipping: Gentlemen patrons give more tips to waitresses with red clothes" 38 (38): 275-280, 2014

68 Lynn, M., "Clothing color and tipping: An attempted replication and extension" 40 (40): 516-524, 2016

69 Hamermesh, D. S., "Beauty and the labor market" 84 : 1174-1194, 1994

70 Ruffle, B. J., "Are good-looking people more employable?" 61 (61): 1760-1776, 2015

71 Johnson, K. K. P., "Appearance and dress as a source of information: A qualitative approach to data collection" 20 (20): 125-137, 2002

72 Smets, G., "A tool for measuring relative effects of hue, brightness and saturation on color pleasantness" 55 (55): 1159-1164, 1982

73 Hye Rim Hong, "A mobile application for personal colour analysis" Informa UK Limited 6 (6): 2019

74 Kim, Y. I, "A development of Personal Color Design System" Amorepacific 2003

75 Shin, J. H., "2017 한국미디어패널조사 보고서 [Transition of Korean media panel Research]" Korea information society development institute 2017